TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS ANTESEDEN KEPEMIMPINAN NARSISTIK (NARCISSISTIC LEADERSHIP)
Abstract
Narcissistic leadership menjadi fenomena yang semakin mendapat perhatian dalam studi psikologi organisasi, karena dampaknya terhadap hubungan interpersonal dan kinerja tim. Pemimpin narsistik cenderung memiliki kepercayaan diri berlebihan, kebutuhan akan pengakuan, dan kurangnya empati, yang dapat merusak organisasi dalam jangka panjang. Meskipun banyak penelitian mengkaji dampaknya, masih sedikit yang membahas faktor-faktor yang mendahului munculnya gaya kepemimpinan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong kemunculan narcissistic leadership melalui kajian literatur sistematis. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review terhadap 17 artikel terindeks Scopus. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor individu (kepercayaan diri berlebihan, kebutuhan akan pengakuan, dan kurangnya empati), faktor situasional (lingkungan kompetitif dan ketidakpastian organisasi), serta faktor budaya organisasi (penekanan pada kesuksesan individu dan struktur hierarkis) berperan penting dalam memunculkan narcissistic leadership. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan bagi organisasi dalam memahami dan mengelola faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya pemimpin narsistik, serta mencegah dampak negatifnya terhadap kinerja tim dan organisasi. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan pendekatan empiris dan longitudinal disarankan untuk menggali lebih dalam dampak jangka panjang dari narcissistic leadership dalam berbagai konteks organisasi.
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