PERAN MODERASI DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP PENGARUH STRES DAN BEBAN KERJA PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh stres kerja dan beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai, serta meninjau peran dukungan sosial sebagai variabel yang memoderasi hubungan tersebut. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 108 Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) yang bekerja di lingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Kota Pekalongan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 25. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stres kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja, yang mengindikasikan bahwa apabila stres dapat dikendalikan dengan baik, hal tersebut justru dapat meningkatkan motivasi serta produktivitas pegawai. Sebaliknya, beban kerja yang tinggi menunjukkan pengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja karena dapat memicu kelelahan serta tekanan mental yang berlebihan. Lebih lanjut, dukungan sosial terbukti berfungsi sebagai moderator yang efektif dalam meredam dampak negatif dari stres dan beban kerja, di mana pegawai yang memperoleh dukungan sosial memadai tetap mampu mempertahankan kinerja optimal meskipun berada dalam tekanan kerja. Hasil ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pengelolaan stres dan distribusi beban kerja yang seimbang, serta perlunya membangun sistem dukungan sosial di lingkungan kerja untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini memberikan sumbangsih baik dari sisi akademis maupun praktis.
References
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Amalia, R. (2021). "Stress dalam Lingkungan Kerja: Dampak dan Solusi." Jurnal Psikologi, 24(1), 45-56.
Astuty, I.,& Devy, N.F.D.92020). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Dukungan Sosial Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9,902-908
Babbie, E. (2015). The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning.
Balkan, M. (2014). "Stress as a Response to Environmental Changes." Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 1-10.
Bennett, W. J., Smith, R. L., & Chen, Y. (2023). The Effects of Work Stress on Employee Turnover: An Empirical Study. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(2), 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12346
Brummelhuis, Lieke L. ten, 2012, Managing Family Demands in Teams: The Role of Social Support at Work, Group & Organization Management 37(3).
Bryant, Scott E., 2015, An Empirical Study Of Emotional Intelligence And Stress In College Students,
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Chan, Rosyen, 2020, Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial Sebagai Moderator Ketidakseimbangan Kehidupan-Kerja Dan Keterikatan Kerja Perawat, Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora dan Seni Vol. 4, No. 2, Oktober 2020.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (2019). "Stress, Social Support, and the BufferinHypothesis." Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357
Daim, F. (2021). "Understanding Workplace Stress: A Conceptual Framework." Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(1), 1-15.
Dawson-Howard, Heather, 2013, Telework: The Role Of Social Support, ANZAM 2013.
Dhelvia, Rizky, 2019, The Influence Of Workload, Competence, And Work Environment To Work Stress And The Implications To Performance Of The Employees Of PT. BCA Finance, Jurnal Magister Manajemen Unikom
Fahmi, A. (2022). "Dimensi Kinerja Karyawan di Era Digital." Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 5(2), 56-72.
Fitri, N. (2021). "Collaboration and Employee Performance: An Empirical Study." Jurnal Manajemen, 12(3), 103-115.
Gharib, M., et al. (2016). "The Role of Workload in Employee Performance." International Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(1), 23-35.
Ginanjar, Muhammad Syukron, 2019, Determinan Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening, Magister Manajemen Universitas Semarang.
Hadriansyah, Muhamad, 2020, Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Kelelahan Kerja (Burnout) Dan Kinerja Personel Polres Barito Selatan Di Buntok, Kindai, Vol 16, Nomor 3.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Hasibuan, Malayu, SP. 2014. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, edisi revisi, Cetakan keempatbelas, Penerbit : Bumi Aksara. Jakarta
Hesti, N. (2021). "Defining Workload in Organizational Context." Jurnal Manajemen, 10(1), 90-101.
Ho, Shirley (2020), Workplace social support and its relationship to work-related well-being and life satisfaction, Master Social, Health and Organizational Psychology Utrecht University.
Huang, Y., Liu, X., & Wang, F. (2020). Social Support and Job Stress: Evidence from Employees in China. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(3), 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000168
Huwae, D. (2020). The impact of work stress on employee performance: A review. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 9(3), 45-50.
Huwae, Laura B.S, 2020, Pengaruh Stres Terhadap Kinerja Anggota Polri Di Polres Pulau Buru, Patimura Medical Review Volume 2 No. 4 Oktober 2020.
Indriyani, R., & Suhana, S. (2023). "The Importance of Human Resources in Organizational Success: A Comprehensive Review." Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 5(1), 45-60.
Ismail, Iriani & Netty D.K. 2022. Mengelola Sumber Daya Manusia. Malang : Empatdua Media.
Jahari, Jaja, 2019, Effect of Workload, Work Environment, Work Stress on Employee Performance of Private Universities in the City of Bandung,
Jahari, Jaja, 2019, Effect of Workload, Work Environment, Work Stress on Employee Performance of Private Universities in the City of Bandung, Indonesia, International Journal of Sicence and Society, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2019.
Jonyo, S. (2015). Measuring police performance: The impact of community engagement. Journal of Criminal Justice Studies, 8(4), 321-330.
Julvia, R. (2021). "The Role of External Social Support on Employee Well-being." Journal of Social Psychology, 25(2), 21-34.
Kharisma, Y. (2020). Peran Polri dalam penanganan COVID-19: Tugas dan tantangan. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 12(2), 123-135.
Kitole, Annah M., 2019, Effect of Work Stress on Employee Performance in the Public Sector in Kenya: A Case of the National Treasury, International Journal of Business & Law Research 7(4):8-28, Oct. - Dec., 2019.
Kumalaretna, Dianing, 2019, Pengaruh Role Overload, Role Conflict dan Role Ambiguity terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Dukungan Sosial sebagai Moderating Variabel pada Karyawan PT. Y di Surabaya, Arthavidya Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Oktober 2019.
Kumar, A., & Kumar, S. (2020). Work stress and employee performance: A review of literature. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 7(1), 1-6.
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage Publications.
Lestari, Dwi Indah dan Sri Suwarsi, 2020, Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Stres Kerja dan Dukungan Sosial Sebagai Variabel Intervening, Prosiding Manajemen http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.23410.
Lestari, Y. (2020). "The Relationship Between Individual Characteristics and Work Demands." Journal of Business Psychology, 35(2), 87-99.
Ling, Sai Mei, 2018, Determinants of work stress and job performance among administration employees in education sector in Malaysia: Examining the moderating role of social support
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2020). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 1-22.
Malik, A. (2021). "Work Stress and Its Impact on Employee Performance: A Review." Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(4), 50-65.
Mamonto, Regina, 2016, The Effect Of Emotional Intelligence And Job Stress On Employees Productivity In PT. Hasjrat Abadi, Tbk, Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi Volume 16 No. 03 Tahun 2016
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Marianto, R. (2021). "Workload and Employee Motivation: An Empirical Investigation." International Journal of Business Studies, 10(2), 76-90.
Martini, L., et al. (2021). "Social Support and Employee Resilience." Jurnal Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi, 9(1), 67-80.
Moeller, C., & Chung-Yan, G. A. (2013). Effects of social support on professors’ work stress. International Journal of Educational Management,27(3),188–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311306431
Munandar, A. (2018). "The Relationship Between Work Stress and Job Performance." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 6(3), 33-42.
Munandar, Aris, 2018, The Effect of Work Stress, Work Load and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction And It’s Implication on The Employee Performance of Aceh Investment And One Stop Services Agency. Proceeding of the First International Graduate Conference (IGC) On Innovation, Creativity, Digital, & Technopreneurship for Sustainable Development in Conjunction with The 6th Roundtable for Indonesian Entrepreneurship Educators 2018 Universitas Syiah Kuala October, 3-5, 2018 Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Ngatimun, 2019, The Effect of Workload, Work Stress, and Emotional Intelligence towards Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment, IOSR Journal of Business and Management Volume 21, Issue 8. Ser. II (August. 2019),
Ningsih, O. L., Zaki, H., & Hardilawati, W. L. (2022). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Dyan Graha Pekanbaru. 2(1), 52–63
Osimo, D. (2020). "Transparency in Public Administration: A Necessity." Journal of Public Affairs, 20(3), e2024.
Rahnama, M., & Rahmani, A. (2020). The Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance: A Study of the Banking Sector. Journal of Business Research, 112, 345-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.035
Rusmiati, Eti, 2021, Analysis Of The Impact Of Risk And Workload On Motivation And Impact On Employee Performance, International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Vol-5, Issue-2, June 2021.
Saleem, Sharjeel, 2013, The Impact of Organizational Support for Career Developmentand Supervisory Supporton Employee Performance: An Empirical Study from Pakistani Academic Sector, European Journal of Business and Management Vol.5, No.5, 2013.
Santoso, A. (2012). "Statistical Analysis for Human Resources Research." Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 5(1), 45-60.
Sari, D. (2022). "Perceptions of Workload: A Study Among Employees." Jurnal Manajemen, 25(2), 44-58.
Semaksiani, Astria, 2019, The Effect of Work Loads and Work Stress on Motivation of Work Productivity (Empirical Case Study of Ink-Producing Companies), Scholars Bulletin, Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Sembiring, H. (2020). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Bank Sinarmas Medan. Jurakunman, 13(1), 1–14.
Setiawan, R. (2021). "Factors Affecting Employee Performance in the Workplace." Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 9(2), 101-110.
Shabbir, Benish, Impact of Workload and Job Complexity on Employee Job Performance with the Moderating Role of Social Support and Mediating Role of Job Stress: A Study of Travel agencies in Rawalpindi, Islamabad and AJK, J Account Mark 2017, 6:1.
Sherly, A. (2020). "Understanding Workload and Its Implications." Jurnal Psikologi Kerja, 12(1), 12-20.
Sikuku, J. (2017). "Challenges of Work Stress in Organizations." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 6(3), 67-80.
Snyder, Lori Anderson, 2008, Workload Variability and Social Support: Effects on Stress and Performance, Curr Psychol (2008) 27:112–125.
Sriyono, Agus, 2018, Pengaruh Stres, Beban Kerja, Konflik Peran, Dan Kontrol Pekerjaan Terhadap Kinerja Dengan Dukungan Sosial Sebagai Variabel Moderating, Performance. Volume 25 Nomor 1 Tahun 2018.
Sugiyono, M. (2010). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sugiyono, M. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sundararajan, L., et al. (2020). "The Impact of Social Support on Employee Performance: A Study." Journal of Work Psychology, 15(4), 150-165.
Suoth, Jonathan, 2018, The Influence Of Workload, Job Stress, And Effective Communication Towards Employee’s Productivity At CV. Kombos Manado, Jurnal EMBA Vol.6 No.3 Juli 2018, Hal.
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Published
2025-08-15
How to Cite
Prasetyo, B., & Suhana, S. (2025). PERAN MODERASI DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP PENGARUH STRES DAN BEBAN KERJA PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 9(2), 2821-2838. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v9i2.6022
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Articles
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