DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DAN FIRM PERFORMANCE
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak transformasi digital terhadap kinerja perusahaan dan peran keunggulan kompetitif berkelanjutan sebagai mediator antara keduanya, di antara Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dengan menggunakan metodologi survei, penelitian ini mengambil pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel bertujuan (purposive sampling) digunakan untuk menentukan sampel. Kriteria sampel meliputi pemilik atau manajer UMKM yang berbasis di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang telah beroperasi minimal satu tahun dan telah mengintegrasikan teknologi digital ke dalam operasional mereka. Survei online dilakukan menggunakan Google Forms untuk mengumpulkan data. Data kami akan dianalisis menggunakan SEM-PLS, yang merupakan singkatan dari Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares. Menurut hasil penelitian, baik keunggulan kompetitif jangka panjang maupun kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan oleh transformasi digital. Hubungan antara transformasi digital dan kesuksesan perusahaan dimoderasi oleh keunggulan kompetitif berkelanjutan, yang pada gilirannya memiliki dampak yang menguntungkan dan substansial terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) di Provinsi Jawa Barat dapat meningkatkan kinerja mereka dengan melakukan transformasi digital dan memperoleh keunggulan kompetitif yang berkelanjutan.
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Kettinger, W. J., Ryoo, S. Y., & Marchand, D. A. (2021). We’re engaged! Following the path to a successful information management capability. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 30, Article 101681.
Kurniawan, Maulana, A., & Iskandar, Y. (2023). The Effect of Technology Adaptation and Government Financial Support on Sustainable Performance of MSMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2177400
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Shehadeh, M., Almohtaseb, A., Aldehayyat, J., & Abu-AlSondos, I. A. (2023). Digital Transformation and Competitive Advantage in the Service Sector: A Moderated-Mediation Model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032077
Sookbumroong, W., & Phornlaphatrachakorn, K. (2023). New Product Development Capability, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Digital Transformation, and Marketing Performance: Evidence from Thailand. International Journal of Business, 28(4), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.55802/IJB.028(4).003
Surahman, Shee, H., Fitrian, Z., Adi, A. S., & Yudaruddin, R. (2023). The effect of digital transformation and innovation on SMEs’ performance in times of COVID-19. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(4), 84–100. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.07
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Barba-Sánchez, V., Meseguer-Martínez, A., Gouveia-Rodrigues, R., & Raposo, M. L. (2024). Effects of digital transformation on firm performance: The role of IT capabilities and digital orientation. Heliyon, 10(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27725
Barney, J., (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. J. Manag. 17, 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Bhandari, K. R., Ranta, M., & Salo, J. (2022). The resource-based view, stakeholder capitalism, ESG, and sustainable competitive advantage: The firm’s embeddedness into ecology, society, and governance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(4), 1525–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2967
Biro DTI Kementerian UMKM RI. (2025, December 19). UMKM Jadi Motor Penggerak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Lokal. https://umkm.go.id/news/wakjm8mp18n9wcyas961encd
Charles, M., & Ochieng, S. B. (2023). Strategic Outsourcing and Firm Performance: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 1, 20–29.
Chwiłkowska-Kubala, A., Cyfert, S., Malewska, K., Mierzejewska, K., & Szumowski, W. (2023). The impact of resources on digital transformation in energy sector companies. The role of readiness for digital transformation. Technology in Society, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102315
Departemen Komunikasi Bank Indonesia. (2024, August 4). TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DORONG UMKM MENEMBUS PASAR GLOBAL. https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_2616224.aspx
Du, X., Wang, N., Lu, S., Zhang, A., & Tsai, S.-B. (2024). Sustainable competitive advantage under digital transformation: An eco-strategy perspective. Chinese Management Studies, (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-01-2024-0077
Elia, G., Solazzo, G., Lerro, A., Pigni, F., & Tucci, C. L. (2024). The digital transformation canvas: A conceptual framework for leading the digital transformation process. Business Horizons, 67(4), 381–398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2024.03.007
Fernandez-Vidal, J., Perotti, F. A., Gonzalez, R., & Gasco, J. (2022). Managing digital transformation: The view from the top. Journal of Business Research, 152, 29–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.020
Fuadah, L. L., Dewi, K., Mukhtaruddin, M., Kalsum, U., & Arisman, A. (2022). The Relationship between Sustainability Reporting, E-Commerce, Firm Performance and Tax Avoidance with Organizational Culture as Moderating Variable in Small and Medium Enterprises in Palembang. Sustainability, 14(7). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073738
Furjan, M. T., Tomičić-Pupek, K., & Pihir, I. (2020). Understanding Digital Transformation Initiatives: Case Studies Analysis. Business Systems Research, 11(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2020-0009
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R (1st Edition). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hanelt, A., Bohnsack, R., Marz, D., & Marante, C. A. (2021). A Systematic Review of the Literature on Digital Transformation: Insights and Implications for Strategy and Organizational Change. Journal of Management Studies, 58(5), 1159–1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12639
He, Y. (2025). The Impact of Digital Transformation on Firm Performance and Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v8n5p173
Heredia, J., Castillo-Vergara, M., Geldes, C., Gamarra, F. M. C., Flores, A., & Heredia, W. (2022). How do digital capabilities affect firm performance? The mediating role of technological capabilities in the “new normal.” Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 7(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100171
Hoang, D. Van, Hien, N. T., Thang, H. Van, Phuong, P. N. T., & Duong, T. T.-T. (2025). Digital Capabilities and Sustainable Competitive Advantages: The Case of Emerging Market Manufacturing SMEs. SAGE Open, 15(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251329967
Huang, K., Wang, K., Lee, P. K. C., & Yeung, A. C. L. (2023). The impact of industry 4.0 on supply chain capability and supply chain resilience: A dynamic resource-based view. International Journal of Production Economics, 262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.108913
Kettinger, W. J., Ryoo, S. Y., & Marchand, D. A. (2021). We’re engaged! Following the path to a successful information management capability. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 30, Article 101681.
Kurniawan, Maulana, A., & Iskandar, Y. (2023). The Effect of Technology Adaptation and Government Financial Support on Sustainable Performance of MSMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2177400
Kusa, R., Suder, M., & Duda, J. (2024). Role of entrepreneurial orientation, information management, and knowledge management in improving firm performance. International Journal of Information Management, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2024.102802
Kusmaryono, I., Wijayanti, D., & Maharani, H. R. (2022). Number of Response Options, Reliability, Validity, and Potential Bias in the Use of the Likert Scale Education and Social Science Research: A Literature Review. In International Journal of Educational Methodology (Vol. 8, Number 4, pp. 625–637). Eurasian Society of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.8.4.625
Lu, H., & Shaharudin, M. S. (2024). Role of digital transformation for sustainable competitive advantage of SMEs: a systematic literature review. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2419489
Maimuna, F. F., Roroa, N. A. F., Misrah, Oktavianty, & Agit, A. (2024). Transformasi Digital dalam Kewirausahaan: Analisis Faktor Penghambat dan Pendorong Perkembangan Ekonomi Digital.
Mayndarto, E. C., Arijanti, S., Susilowati, E. M., & Sampe, F. (2025). THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY, DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ON FIRM PERFORMANCE. Journal Management & Economics Review (JUMPER), 2(10). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59971/jumper.v2i10.669
Omol, E. J. (2024). Organizational digital transformation: from evolution to future trends. In Digital Transformation and Society (Vol. 3, Number 3, pp. 240–256). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-08-2023-0061
Open Data Jabar. (2025, May 28). Tantangan UMKM Jabar Hingga Strategi Bertahan di Era Digital. https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id/artikel/tantangan-umkm-jabar-hingga-strategi-bertahan-di-era-digital
Plekhanov, D., Franke, H., & Netland, T. H. (2023). Digital transformation: A review and research agenda. European Management Journal, 41(6), 821–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.09.007
Putri, E., Akbar, A. M., Alabdullah, T. T. Y., Ar-Ridho, K. J., Adhi, A. S., & Putri, W. A. A. (2025). Dynamic Capability Theory: Digital Transformation as a Sustainable Competitive Performance Strategy for MSMEs. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 10(3). http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/reaksi/index
Rifqi, H., De La Torre Diez, I., Caro Montero, E., & Silva Alvarado, E. (2024). The Interplay of Lean Six Sigma, Industry 4.0, and Dynamic Capabilities: Pathways to Sustainable Competitive Advantage in North African Context. IEEE Access, 12, 67641–67664. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3400166
Rupeika-Apoga, R., & Petrovska, K. (2022). Barriers to Sustainable Digital Transformation in Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Sustainability, 14(20). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013558
Saputera, D., Ichsani, S., Wijaya, J. H., & Hendiarto, R. S. (2021). Development of Small and Medium Micro Business: A Geographical Outlook on West Java Province. Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 11(1), 712–719. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo
Shehadeh, M., Almohtaseb, A., Aldehayyat, J., & Abu-AlSondos, I. A. (2023). Digital Transformation and Competitive Advantage in the Service Sector: A Moderated-Mediation Model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032077
Sookbumroong, W., & Phornlaphatrachakorn, K. (2023). New Product Development Capability, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Digital Transformation, and Marketing Performance: Evidence from Thailand. International Journal of Business, 28(4), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.55802/IJB.028(4).003
Surahman, Shee, H., Fitrian, Z., Adi, A. S., & Yudaruddin, R. (2023). The effect of digital transformation and innovation on SMEs’ performance in times of COVID-19. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(4), 84–100. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.07
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Published
2026-08-30
How to Cite
Sasikirana, A. V., & Marpaung, E. I. (2026). DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DAN FIRM PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 10(2), 2574-2600. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v10i2.7780
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