KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAPABILITAS AMARTYA SEN
Abstract
Masalah kemiskinan di Indonesia tetap menjadi tantangan utama meskipun pembangunan fisik terus dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kapasitas daerah melalui Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan pendidikan melalui Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah (RLS) terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menguji peran infrastruktur dasar (Listrik, Internet, Sanitasi, Kesehatan (Puskesmas)) serta bantuan pemerintah (Rasio KPM Bansos Pangan dan Rasio Belanja Bantuan Sosial) sebagai variabel perantara dalam kerangka Teori Kapabilitas Amartya Sen. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan panel data dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia periode 2018–2024. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) yang dipilih karena kemampuannya dalam menguji hubungan antarvariabel kompleks secara simultan, terutama pada model yang melibatkan variabel mediator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah (RLS) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Temuan lain membuktikan bahwa variabel Akses Listrik, Akses Sanitasi Layak, Akses Internet, dan Akses Kesehatan (Puskesmas) memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemiskinan. Demikian pula, variabel Rasio KPM Bansos Pangan dan Rasio Belanja Bantuan Sosial terbukti berpengaruh dalam mempengaruhi angka kemiskinan di Indonesia. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kapasitas fiskal daerah dan kualitas sumber daya manusia harus diarahkan secara tepat pada penyediaan fasilitas publik serta jaring pengaman sosial untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara efektif.
References
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Popova, D. (2023). Impact of equity in social protection spending on income poverty and inequality. Social Indicators Research, 169(1), 697–721.
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Rosenzweig, M. R., & Wolpin, K. I. (1986). Evaluating the effects of optimally distributed public programs: Child health and family planning interventions. The American Economic Review, 76(3), 470–482.
Schultz, T. W. (1980). The economics of being poor. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 36(9), 32–37.
Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2021). Analisis SEM-PLS dengan WarpPLS 7.0 untuk hubungan nonlinier dalam penelitian sosial dan bisnis. Penerbit Andi.
Siburian, M. E. (2022). The link between fiscal decentralization and poverty–Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Economics, 81, 101493.
Straub, S., Serebrisky, T., Bagnoli, L. S., & Rojas, C. (2025). Infrastructure and Poverty Reduction: Innovative Policies for Effective Access.
Sumiyarti, S. (2022). Pengaruh Belaja Modal Dan Belanja Bantuan Sosial Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Kemiskinan. Srikandi: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 28–43.
Timmer, C. P., Block, S., & Dawe, D. (2010). Long-run dynamics of rice consumption, 1960–2050. Rice in the Global Economy: Strategic Research and Policy Issues for Food Security, 139–174.
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Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 21(2), 354–375.
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Yushkov, A. (2015). Fiscal decentralization and regional economic growth: Theory, empirics, and the Russian experience. Russian Journal of Economics, 1(4), 404–418.
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPUJawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222–243.
Anggara, R. T., & Alfahma, E. G. (2025). Non-cash food assistance and household food security: Evidence from remote Indonesia. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 143–156.
Anggraeni, R. M., Khusaini, M., & Prasetyia, F. (2023). Fiscal Decentralization and its Effect on Poverty Alleviation: Case Study of Indonesia. Bulletin of Islamic Economics, 1(2), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.14421/bie.2022.012-04
Aschauer, D. A. (1989). Is public expenditure productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, 23(2), 177–200.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik Indonesia 2024 (Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2024). Badan Pusat Statistik.
Barrientos, A. (2013). Social assistance in developing countries. Cambridge University Press.
Bastagli, F., Hagen-Zanker, J., Harman, L., Barca, V., Sturge, G., Schmidt, & Pellerano, L. (2016). Cash transfers: what does the evidence say. A Rigorous Review of Programme Impact and the Role of Design and Implementation Features. London: ODI, 1(7), 1.
Boadway, R., Shah, A., & Shah, A. (2024). Reflections on Emerging Roles of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: From Financing to Accountability in Decentralized Subnational Governance, Preserving the Environment and Responding to Fiscal Shocks. Preserving the Environment and Responding to Fiscal Shocks (November 06, 2024).
Buchanan, J. M., & Tullock, G. (1965). The calculus of consent: Logical foundations of constitutional democracy (Vol. 100). University of Michigan press.
Christiani, N. V, & Nainupu, A. E. (2021). Pengaruh Akses Terhadap Internet, Listrik dan PDRB Per Kapita Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2015-2019. JSTAR (Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Architecture Research), (1(1)), 37–52.
Churchill, S. A., & Smyth, R. (2021). Energy poverty and health: Panel data evidence from Australia. Energy Economics, 97, 105219.
Deviyanti, R., Siregar, B., Biyanto, F., & Miswanto. (2025). Pengaruh dana desa, Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap tingkat kemiskinan kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Juremi: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, 5(2), 711–722.
Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan. (2024). Data Realisasi APBD dan Pendapatan Daerah Provinsi 2018–2024.
Doytch, N., & Uctum, M. (2016). Globalization and the environmental impact of sectoral FDI. Economic Systems, 40(4), 582-594.
Faguet, J. P., & Pöschl, C. (Eds). (2015). Is decentralization good for development?: Perspectives from academics and policy makers. Oxford University Press, USA.
Fan, S., Zhang, L., & Zhang, X. (2002). Growth, inequality, and poverty in rural China: The role of public investments (Vol. 125). Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Galperin, H., & Fernanda Viecens, M. (2017). Connected for development? Theory and evidence about the impact of internet technologies on poverty alleviation. Development Policy Review, 35(3), 315–336.
Hofmarcher, T. (2021). The effect of education on poverty: A European perspective. Economics of Education Review, 83, 102124.
Hutton, G., & Chase, C. (2018). Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene.
Jalan, J., & Ravallion, M. (2000). Is transient poverty different? Evidence for rural China. Journal of Development Studies, 36(6), 82–99.
Kock, N. (2020). WarpPLS user manual: Version 7.0. ScriptWarp Systems.
Langi, C. R., Zulfikar, A. L., Maulana, I., Widayati, N., & Yudaruddin, R. (2023). The impact of social aid on poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public and Municipal Finance, 12(2), 104–116.
Lewis, B. D. (2017). Local government spending and service delivery in Indonesia: the perverse effects of substantial fiscal resources. Regional Studies, 51(11), 1695–1707.
Liu, G. G., Vortherms, S. A., & Hong, X. (2017). China’s health reform update. Annual Review of Public Health, 38(1), 431–448.
Lustig, N. (Ed.). (2018). Commitment to equity handbook: Estimating the impact of fiscal policy on inequality and poverty. Brookings Institution Press.
Mahi, B. R. (2016). Indonesian decentralization: evaluation, recent movement and future perspectives. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB), 31(1), 119–133.
Martinez‐Vazquez, J., Lago‐Peñas, S., & Sacchi, A. (2017). The impact of fiscal decentralization: A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 31(4), 1095–1129.
Masaki, T., Ochoa, R. G., & Rodríguez-Castelán, C. (2020). Broadband internet and household welfare in Senegal (No. 13658). IZA Discussion Papers.
Murshed, S. M., Bergougui, B., Badiuzzaman, M., & Pulok, M. H. (2022). Fiscal capacity, democratic institutions and social welfare outcomes in developing countries. Defence and Peace Economics, 33(3), 280–305.
Musgrave, R. A. (1959). The theory of public finance: A study in public economy. (Vol. 658). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pick, J. B., & Sarkar, A. (2015). The global digital divide. In The Global Digital Divides: Explaining Change (Pp. 83-111). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Popova, D. (2023). Impact of equity in social protection spending on income poverty and inequality. Social Indicators Research, 169(1), 697–721.
Pramono, G. (2018). Availability of infrastructure for poverty reduction in Indonesia: Spatial panel data analysis. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 64(2), 5.
Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Cumming, O., Freeman, M. C., . . ., & Johnston, R. (2019). Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: an updated analysis with a focus on low-and middle-income countries. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222(5), 765–777.
Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H. A. (2018). Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature. Education Economics, 26(5), 445–458.
Ravallion, M. (2016). The economics of poverty: History, measurement, and policy. Oxford university press.
Rosenzweig, M. R., & Wolpin, K. I. (1986). Evaluating the effects of optimally distributed public programs: Child health and family planning interventions. The American Economic Review, 76(3), 470–482.
Schultz, T. W. (1980). The economics of being poor. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 36(9), 32–37.
Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2021). Analisis SEM-PLS dengan WarpPLS 7.0 untuk hubungan nonlinier dalam penelitian sosial dan bisnis. Penerbit Andi.
Siburian, M. E. (2022). The link between fiscal decentralization and poverty–Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Economics, 81, 101493.
Straub, S., Serebrisky, T., Bagnoli, L. S., & Rojas, C. (2025). Infrastructure and Poverty Reduction: Innovative Policies for Effective Access.
Sumiyarti, S. (2022). Pengaruh Belaja Modal Dan Belanja Bantuan Sosial Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Kemiskinan. Srikandi: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 28–43.
Timmer, C. P., Block, S., & Dawe, D. (2010). Long-run dynamics of rice consumption, 1960–2050. Rice in the Global Economy: Strategic Research and Policy Issues for Food Security, 139–174.
UNDP. (2020). Human Development Report 2020: The Next Frontier—Human Development and the Anthropocene. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 21(2), 354–375.
World Bank. (2022). Poverty and shared prosperity 2022: Correcting course. The World Bank.
Yushkov, A. (2015). Fiscal decentralization and regional economic growth: Theory, empirics, and the Russian experience. Russian Journal of Economics, 1(4), 404–418.
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPUJawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222–243.
Published
2026-04-19
How to Cite
Dewi, A., & Suseno, D. (2026). KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAPABILITAS AMARTYA SEN. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 10(1), 2645-2669. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v10i1.7399
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