KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN : PERSPEKTIF INVESTASI, LIKUIDITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS PADA BANK KOMERSIAL
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh investasi, likuiditas, dan solvabilitas terhadap kinerja keuangan pada bank komersial selama periode 2020–2024. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah kinerja keuangan yang diukur menggunakan return on asset (ROA) dengan variabel independen meliputi investasi, likuiditas, solvabilitas, debt to assets ratio (DAR), debt to equity ratio (DER) dan equity to assets ratio (EAR). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan tahunan perbankan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dari 2020 – 2024. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 43 bank dengan total 215 data yang sesuai kriteria. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk uji hipotesis yaitu analisis data panel dengan menggunakan software e-views 12. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari seluruh independen, variabel solvabilitas dan debt to assets ratio (DAR) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, sedangkan likuiditas, dan debt to equity ratio (DER) berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, sementara itu investasi dan equity to assets ratio (EAR) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Bank perlu menjaga keseimbangan antara modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman, serta mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan ekuitas dan utang ke dalam kegiatan bank yang produktif. Pengelolaan rasio-rasio keuangan tersebut secara efektif akan memperkuat ketahanan keuangan bank dan meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam menghadapi fluktuasi ekonomi maupun tekanan pasar secara berkelanjutan.
References
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Akhter. (2019). Analysis the Profitability of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/11-35-03
Al-Homaidi, E. A., Almaqtari, F. A., Yahya, A. T., & Khaled, A. S. D. (2020). Internal and external determinants of listed commercial banks’ profitability in India: Dynamic GMM approach. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 13(1), 34–67. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMEF.2020.105333
Al-Nimer, M., Arabiat, O., & Taha, R. (2024). Liquidity Risk Mediation in the Dynamics of Capital Structure and Financial Performance: Evidence from Jordanian Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2024, Vol. 17, Page 360, 17(8), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/JRFM17080360
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Budhathoki, P. B., Rai, C. K., Lamichhane, K. P., Bhattarai, G., & Rai, A. (2020). The Impact of Liquidity, Leverage, and Total Size on Banks’ Profitability: Evidence from Nepalese Commercial Banks. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.03.02.219
Dahal, J., Kumari Joshi, K., Shakya, L., & Joshi, M. (2024). Impact of Firm Size and Capital Structure on the Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks. In Nepalese Journal of Economics.
Gautam, N., & Bangshi, A. (2022). Effect of Leverage, Assets Growth, Market Capitalization and Firm Age on Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks.
Hadi Utomo, K., Widhiastuti, S., & Andriyani, ; Meli. (2024). “MASTER: Jurnal Manajemen Strategik Kewirausahaan” Return on Asset sebagai Pemediasi Pertumbuhan Aset dan Net Profit Margin terhadap Return Saham Return on Assets as a Mediator for Asset Growth and Net Profit Margin on Share Returns. 4(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.37366/master.v4i1.1603
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Khatiwada, M., Bhatta, M., Manohar Shah, M., Bogati, N., Sapkota, P., & Pradhan, S. (2024). Impact of Operating Efficiency on Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks. In Nepalese Journal of Economics.
Kumar, P., Verma, P., Bhatnagar, M., Taneja, S., Seychel, S., Todorović, I., & Grim, S. (2023). The Financial Performance and Solvency Status of the Indian Public Sector Banks: A CAMELS Rating and Z Index Approach. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(2), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180204
Mehmetaj, G., & Hajdari, V. (2025). NAVIGATING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN CRISIS: INVESTMENT, LIQUIDITY, AND SOLVENCY OF BANKS DURING THE PANDEMIC. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions, 15(2), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.22495/rgcv15i2p2
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Peykani, P., Sargolzaei, M., Oprean-Stan, C., Kamyabfar, H., & Reghabi, A. (2025). The effect of macroeconomic shocks on non-performing loans and credit risk in the iranian banking system using time-varying parameter vector autoregressions. PLOS ONE, 20(8), e0329587. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0329587
Radwan Al-Manaseer, S. (2024). The impact of debt ratio on financial stability through the mediating role of capital adequacy: evidence from the regulatory framework of the banking industry. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 13(4), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv13i4siart3
Rayamajhi, P., & Bhandari, N. R. (2024). Effect of Capital Adequacy, Bank Size and Lending Interest Rate on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Nepal.
Riani, D., Maulani, D., & Info, A. (2021). Determinants Of Banking Efficiency For Commercial Banks In Indonesia: Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis. IJBE (Integrated Journal of Business and Economics), 5(3), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.33019/IJBE.V5I3.369
Ruqaya Hamz, R., & NasSr Hammood Maznan AlenzY Saleh Abdul Hussein, A. (2025). The impact of banking liquidity on commercial Profitability-Bank of Baghdad: A Case Study for the period (2007-2023). Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(40s), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.52783/JISEM.V10I40S.7538
Sharma, M. N., & Tailor, R. K. (2023). Measurement of Financial Performance of Public and Private Sector Banks of India. In Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology (Vol. 44, Number 4).
Taddese, A. (2021). Determinants of capital structure: Evidence from Sidama credit and saving microfinance institution. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 9(3), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i3.12221
Thinh, T. Q., Thuy, L. X., & Tuan, D. A. (2022). The impact of liquidity on profitability - evidence of Vietnamese listed commercial banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(1).2022.08
Upreti, R. (2024). Impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Net Interest Margin, and Debt to Equity Ratio on the Financial Performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks. Nepalese Journal of Business, 11(4), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.3126/NJB.V11I4.79738
Usman, S., Ahmed, A., & Bawuro, F. A. (2022). Liquidity Management and Financial Performance: Evidence from Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Sri Lankan Journal of Banking and Finance, 5(2), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJBF.V5I2.31
Van Dinh, D., & Huyen, V. T. T. (2024). Commercial banks’ capital structure and performance in Vietnam: Panel data model approach. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.21511/BBS.19(2).2024.10
Wayan, N., Mustika, A., & Abidin, Z. (2024). Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i7-10
Wisdom, O., Obiajulu Chibuzo, O., Sandra Ijeoma, E., Eze Celestine, E., & Oluwatobi, R. (2021). Liquidity Management: Implications for Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 11(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1006.2021.111.24.32
Yahaya, A., Mahat, F., M.H, Y., & Matemilola, B. T. (2022). Liquidity risk and bank financial performance: an application of system GMM approach. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 30(3), 312–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2021-0019
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Akhter. (2019). Analysis the Profitability of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/11-35-03
Al-Homaidi, E. A., Almaqtari, F. A., Yahya, A. T., & Khaled, A. S. D. (2020). Internal and external determinants of listed commercial banks’ profitability in India: Dynamic GMM approach. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 13(1), 34–67. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMEF.2020.105333
Al-Nimer, M., Arabiat, O., & Taha, R. (2024). Liquidity Risk Mediation in the Dynamics of Capital Structure and Financial Performance: Evidence from Jordanian Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2024, Vol. 17, Page 360, 17(8), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/JRFM17080360
Begum, H., Rimu, S., & Ara, J. (2022). Impact of Capital Structure on Bank Performance: A Study on Janata Bank Limited of Bangladesh. Journal of Science and Technology, 20(2), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.59125/JST.20211
Budhathoki, P. B., Rai, C. K., Lamichhane, K. P., Bhattarai, G., & Rai, A. (2020). The Impact of Liquidity, Leverage, and Total Size on Banks’ Profitability: Evidence from Nepalese Commercial Banks. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.03.02.219
Dahal, J., Kumari Joshi, K., Shakya, L., & Joshi, M. (2024). Impact of Firm Size and Capital Structure on the Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks. In Nepalese Journal of Economics.
Gautam, N., & Bangshi, A. (2022). Effect of Leverage, Assets Growth, Market Capitalization and Firm Age on Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks.
Hadi Utomo, K., Widhiastuti, S., & Andriyani, ; Meli. (2024). “MASTER: Jurnal Manajemen Strategik Kewirausahaan” Return on Asset sebagai Pemediasi Pertumbuhan Aset dan Net Profit Margin terhadap Return Saham Return on Assets as a Mediator for Asset Growth and Net Profit Margin on Share Returns. 4(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.37366/master.v4i1.1603
Ibrahim, S. SH. (2019). The Impacts of Capital Structure on Bank Performance: A Case of Iraqi Private Banks. KOYA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2(1), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.14500/KUJHSS.V2N1Y2019.PP118-123
Khaled, A., Fares, T., & Nazim, D. (2023). Interaction between liquidity risk and bank solvency, a crucial effect in a framework of simultaneous equations. Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, 68–80. https://doi.org/10.61093/FMIR.7(3).68-80.2023
Khatiwada, M., Bhatta, M., Manohar Shah, M., Bogati, N., Sapkota, P., & Pradhan, S. (2024). Impact of Operating Efficiency on Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks. In Nepalese Journal of Economics.
Kumar, P., Verma, P., Bhatnagar, M., Taneja, S., Seychel, S., Todorović, I., & Grim, S. (2023). The Financial Performance and Solvency Status of the Indian Public Sector Banks: A CAMELS Rating and Z Index Approach. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(2), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180204
Mehmetaj, G., & Hajdari, V. (2025). NAVIGATING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN CRISIS: INVESTMENT, LIQUIDITY, AND SOLVENCY OF BANKS DURING THE PANDEMIC. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions, 15(2), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.22495/rgcv15i2p2
Muhammed, S., Desalegn, G., & Emese, P. (2024). Effect of Capital Structure on the Financial Performance of Ethiopian Commercial Banks. Risks 2024, Vol. 12, Page 69, 12(4), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/RISKS12040069
P, R. Y. P. (2024). Determinants of Fundamental Factors on Dividend Policy on the LQ45 Sharia Stock Index in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i14.16114
Peykani, P., Sargolzaei, M., Oprean-Stan, C., Kamyabfar, H., & Reghabi, A. (2025). The effect of macroeconomic shocks on non-performing loans and credit risk in the iranian banking system using time-varying parameter vector autoregressions. PLOS ONE, 20(8), e0329587. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0329587
Radwan Al-Manaseer, S. (2024). The impact of debt ratio on financial stability through the mediating role of capital adequacy: evidence from the regulatory framework of the banking industry. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 13(4), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv13i4siart3
Rayamajhi, P., & Bhandari, N. R. (2024). Effect of Capital Adequacy, Bank Size and Lending Interest Rate on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Nepal.
Riani, D., Maulani, D., & Info, A. (2021). Determinants Of Banking Efficiency For Commercial Banks In Indonesia: Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis. IJBE (Integrated Journal of Business and Economics), 5(3), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.33019/IJBE.V5I3.369
Ruqaya Hamz, R., & NasSr Hammood Maznan AlenzY Saleh Abdul Hussein, A. (2025). The impact of banking liquidity on commercial Profitability-Bank of Baghdad: A Case Study for the period (2007-2023). Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(40s), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.52783/JISEM.V10I40S.7538
Sharma, M. N., & Tailor, R. K. (2023). Measurement of Financial Performance of Public and Private Sector Banks of India. In Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology (Vol. 44, Number 4).
Taddese, A. (2021). Determinants of capital structure: Evidence from Sidama credit and saving microfinance institution. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 9(3), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i3.12221
Thinh, T. Q., Thuy, L. X., & Tuan, D. A. (2022). The impact of liquidity on profitability - evidence of Vietnamese listed commercial banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(1).2022.08
Upreti, R. (2024). Impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Net Interest Margin, and Debt to Equity Ratio on the Financial Performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks. Nepalese Journal of Business, 11(4), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.3126/NJB.V11I4.79738
Usman, S., Ahmed, A., & Bawuro, F. A. (2022). Liquidity Management and Financial Performance: Evidence from Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Sri Lankan Journal of Banking and Finance, 5(2), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJBF.V5I2.31
Van Dinh, D., & Huyen, V. T. T. (2024). Commercial banks’ capital structure and performance in Vietnam: Panel data model approach. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.21511/BBS.19(2).2024.10
Wayan, N., Mustika, A., & Abidin, Z. (2024). Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i7-10
Wisdom, O., Obiajulu Chibuzo, O., Sandra Ijeoma, E., Eze Celestine, E., & Oluwatobi, R. (2021). Liquidity Management: Implications for Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 11(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1006.2021.111.24.32
Yahaya, A., Mahat, F., M.H, Y., & Matemilola, B. T. (2022). Liquidity risk and bank financial performance: an application of system GMM approach. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 30(3), 312–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2021-0019
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Published
2026-04-12
How to Cite
Kusumo, P., & Widiastuti, M. (2026). KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN : PERSPEKTIF INVESTASI, LIKUIDITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS PADA BANK KOMERSIAL. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 10(1), 2524-2538. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v10i1.7382
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