THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL RISKS ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA COMMERCIAL BANKS
Keywords:
Banking; Financial Performance; Liquidity; Operationa; Risk
Abstract
This study examines how financial risks affect the performance of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with return on equity (ROE) as the primary profitability metric. The study, covering the period 2020 to 2024, employs a regression model to ensure a robust and comprehensive analysis. The data includes audited annual financial statements from selected banks. Macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP growth and inflation, are sourced from the Central Bank of Indonesia (BI) and the World Bank (WB). This study explores critical financial risks affecting bank performance, focusing on credit, liquidity, and operational risks. The study also considers the impact of bank size, GDP growth, and inflation rates on bank performance. The analysis reveals a clear negative impact of these financial risks on bank performance: higher liquidity and operational risks are associated with lower financial performance. At the same time, bank size also positively impacts performance, as larger banks are associated with improved financial performance. This underscores the importance of financial risk management in effectively monitoring and controlling key performance indicators in consolidated commercial banks. Furthermore, both macroeconomic conditions and bank-specific attributes are shown to influence financial results significantly. By offering an in-depth perspective on risk management strategies, this study provides practical recommendations to enhance financial stability and strengthen the resilience of commercial banks in Indonesia in the evolving economic landscape.
References
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Agbana, J., Bukoye, J. A., & Arinze-Emefo, I. C. (2023). Impact of Credit Risk Management on the Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria: A Qualitative Review. Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(05), 2051–2066. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2023.115113
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Alnabulsi, K., Kozarević, E., & Hakimi, A. (2023). Non-Performing Loans as a Driver of Banking Distress: A Systematic Literature Review. Commodities, 2(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities2020007
Arintoko, Badriah, L. S., Rahajuni, D., Kadarwati, N., & Priyono, R. (2024). The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Credit Risk: Evidence Regarding Sustainable Lending in ASEAN Countries. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(4), 1589–1597. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190435
Bhagat, S., & Hubbard, G. (2022). Rule of law and purpose of the corporation. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 30(1), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12374
Bilal, Z., AlGhazali, A., & Samour, A. (2024). GCC banks liquidity and financial performance: does the type of financial system matter? Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00348-y
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Bortoluzzo, A. B., Ciganda, R. R., & Bortoluzzo, M. M. (2024). Determinant factors of banking profitability: an application of quantile regression for panel data. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00347-z
Chand, S. A., Singh, B., Narayan, K., & Chand, A. (2025). The Impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Bank Risk-Taking and Profitability in Small Developing Island States: A Study of Fiji. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18070366
Chen, S., Song, Y., & Gao, P. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and financial outcomes: Analyzing the impact of ESG on financial performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118829
Chun, S. H., & Ardaaragchaa, N. (2024). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Loan Growth of Banks with a Focus on Non-Performing Loans. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050203
Danisman, G. O., & Demirel, P. (2019). Bank risk-taking in developed countries: The influence of market power and bank regulations. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 59, 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTFIN.2018.12.007
Doǧan, M., & Yildiz, F. (2023). Testing the Factors that Determine the Profitability of Banks with a Dynamic Approach: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 12(1), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0010
Eltweri, A., Sawan, N., Al-Hajaya, K., & Badri, Z. (2024). The Influence of Liquidity Risk on Financial Performance: A Study of the UK’s Largest Commercial Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17120580
Fred Nelson, O. N. (2020). The Impact of Credit Risk Management on the Profitability of a Commercial Bank: The Case of BGFI Bank Congo. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(3), 21. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n3p21
Ghenimi, A., Chaibi, H., & Omri, M. A. B. (2021). Liquidity risk determinants: Islamic vs conventional banks. International Journal of Law and Management, 63(1), 65–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2018-0060
Gržeta, I., Žiković, S., & Tomas Žiković, I. (2023). Size matters: analyzing bank profitability and efficiency under the Basel III framework. Financial Innovation, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00412-y
Horobet, A., Radulescu, M., Belascu, L., & Dita, S. M. (2021). Determinants of Bank Profitability in CEE Countries: Evidence from GMM Panel Data Estimates. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070307
Jadwani, B., Parkhi, S., & Mitra, P. K. (2024). Operational Risk Management in Banks: A Bibliometric Analysis and Opportunities for Future Research. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030095
Jampion Mwakabalula, A., & Ally Mwamkonko, M. (2024). Can Credit Reference Bureaus Mitigate Commercial Banks’ Non-Performing Loans? Lesson from Tanzania. In AJER (Vol. 12, Issue 4).
Javid, S., Farooqi, M. R., Shoukat, A., & Rasheed, A. (2020). Assessment of Financial Risks on Financial performance of Conventional Banks: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. SI(1). https://doi.org/10.24312/20000113
Khemiri, M. A. (2025). Climate Risk and Bank Profitability in the MENA Region: The Moderating Role of Financial Development. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 15(3), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.18864
Kim, S. R. (2024). Financial Crisis as a Run on Profitable Banks. In ANNALS OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE (Vol. 25, Issue 1).
Liu, H., Molyneux, P., & Nguyen, L. H. (2012). Competition and risk in south east Asian commercial banking. Applied Economics, 44(28), 3627–3644. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.579066
Mankiw, N. G. (2021). ().
Mashrur, F. A., & Tabassum, N. (2023). A Panel Analysis On Macroeconomic And Bank-Specific Determinants Of Commercial Bank’s Profitability In A Developing Economy: Evidence From Bangladesh. Iosr Journal Of Economics And Finance (Iosr-Jef) E-Issn, 14, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-1406043746
Mehdi, R., Ahmed, I. E., & Mohamed, E. A. (2025). Rating the Impact of Risks in Banking on Performance: Utilizing the Adaptive Neural Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Risks, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/risks13050085
Mishkin, F. S. (2021). Economics_of_Money_Banking_and_Financial.
Muriithi, J. G., & Muigai, R. G. (2017). Quantitative analysis of Operational Risk and Profitability of Kenyan Commercial Banks using Cost Income Ratio. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 08(03), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-0803047683
Ngo, H. K., & Trinh, H. T. T. (2025). The impact of financial risks on bank performance: evidence from Bayesian analysis in Vietnam’s commercial banks. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01246-1
Nodeh, F. M., Anuar, M. A., Ramakrishnan, S., & Raftnia, A. A. (2015). The Effect of Board Structure on Banks Financial Performance by Moderating Firm Size. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p258
Obi, E., Fadun, O. S., & Ijimakinwa, B. A. (2025). The Impact of Credit Risk Management Policies on the Growth of Deposit Money Banks: The Nigerian Experience. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 14(3), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i3.4161
Ochenge, R. (2022). The effect of revenue diversification on bank profitability and stability during the COVID-19 Pandemic The effect of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Kenya KBA Centre for Research on Financial Markets and Policy ® Working Paper Series.
Odebode, O. K., Ezi, C. T., & Ishioro, B. O. (2024). Effects of non-performing loans on return on equity of selected commercial banks in Nigeria. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(1), 2599–2608. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0194
Ofori, B. S., Padi, A., & Musah, A. (2025). CORPORATE GOVERNANCE EFFECTIVENESS, OPERATIONAL RISK AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKS: THE ROLE OF FIRM SIZE. ECONOMICS - Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 13(2), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0031
Ogundele, O. S., & Nzama, L. (2025). Risk Management Practices and Financial Performance: Analysing Credit and Liquidity Risk Management and Disclosures by Nigerian Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18040198
Ozili, P. K. (2024). Elections and bank non-performing loans: Evidence from developed countries. Modern Finance, 2(2), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.61351/mf.v2i2.175
Qabajeh, M., Almajali, D., Natour, A. R. Al, Alqsass, M., & Maali, H. (2023). The impact of operational risk on profitability: Evidence from banking sector in the MENA region. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(4), 1459–1466. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.7.023
Rahmawati, R. (2020). THE EFFECT OF RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) AND RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) TO PROFIT GROWTH OF PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2010-2019.
Ramdani, L., Abbana, S., & Marimuthu, F. (2024). Enhancing Operational Risk Management in the Mauritian Banking Sector: A Structured Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.16153
Saeed, M., & N, Z. (2016). The Impact of Credit Risk on Profitability of the Commercial Banks. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs, 5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0234.1000192
Salman Abdou, D. M., Farag, K., & Ali, L. (2025). Detecting Credit Risk in Egyptian Banks: Does Machine Learning Matter? Ekonomika, 104(2), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2025.104.2.5
Sira Austin, Z. (2025). World Journal of Finance and Bank Size and Financial Performance: An Estimated Panel Data Study of Quoted Commercial Banks in Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.56201/wjfir.v9.no3.2025.pg47.63
Stiglitz, J. E., Fitoussi, J.-P., & Durand, M. (2018). Beyond GDP MEASURING WHAT COUNTS FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE.
Yahaya, A., Mahat, F., M.H, Y., & Matemilola, B. T. (2022). Liquidity risk and bank financial performance: an application of system GMM approach. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 30(3), 312–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2021-0019
Yuan, D., Abu Issa Gazi, M., Harymawan, I., Kumar Dhar, B., & Ishaque Hossain, A. (2022). Profitability determining factors of banking sector: Panel data analysis of commercial banks in South Asian countries.
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Abdelmoneim, Z., & Yasser, M. (2023). THE IMPACT OF BANK PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ON BANK PROFITABILITY: CAMEL MODEL APPLICATION IN MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES. Banks and Bank Systems, 18(3), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(3).2023.17
Abu Khalaf, B., & Awad, A. B. (2024). Exploring the bearing of liquidity risk in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) banks. Cogent Economics and Finance, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2330840
Agbana, J., Bukoye, J. A., & Arinze-Emefo, I. C. (2023). Impact of Credit Risk Management on the Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria: A Qualitative Review. Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(05), 2051–2066. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2023.115113
Akinnagbe, O. (2024). IJSRPAOP 182|p. Effect of Operational Risk on the Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Strategic Research in Public Administration and Organizational Process, 4(1), 182–205. https://doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijsrpaop.v4.i1.13
Al-Eitan, G. N., & Bani-Khalid, T. O. (2019). CREDIT RISK AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE JORDANIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS. In Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal (Vol. 23, Issue 5).
Alnabulsi, K., Kozarević, E., & Hakimi, A. (2023). Non-Performing Loans as a Driver of Banking Distress: A Systematic Literature Review. Commodities, 2(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities2020007
Arintoko, Badriah, L. S., Rahajuni, D., Kadarwati, N., & Priyono, R. (2024). The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Credit Risk: Evidence Regarding Sustainable Lending in ASEAN Countries. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(4), 1589–1597. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190435
Bhagat, S., & Hubbard, G. (2022). Rule of law and purpose of the corporation. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 30(1), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12374
Bilal, Z., AlGhazali, A., & Samour, A. (2024). GCC banks liquidity and financial performance: does the type of financial system matter? Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00348-y
Boamah, N. A., Opoku, E., & Boakye-Dankwa, A. (2023). Capital regulation, liquidity risk, efficiency and banks performance in emerging economies. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 31(1), 126–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-09-2021-0076
Bortoluzzo, A. B., Ciganda, R. R., & Bortoluzzo, M. M. (2024). Determinant factors of banking profitability: an application of quantile regression for panel data. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00347-z
Chand, S. A., Singh, B., Narayan, K., & Chand, A. (2025). The Impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Bank Risk-Taking and Profitability in Small Developing Island States: A Study of Fiji. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18070366
Chen, S., Song, Y., & Gao, P. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and financial outcomes: Analyzing the impact of ESG on financial performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118829
Chun, S. H., & Ardaaragchaa, N. (2024). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Loan Growth of Banks with a Focus on Non-Performing Loans. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050203
Danisman, G. O., & Demirel, P. (2019). Bank risk-taking in developed countries: The influence of market power and bank regulations. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 59, 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTFIN.2018.12.007
Doǧan, M., & Yildiz, F. (2023). Testing the Factors that Determine the Profitability of Banks with a Dynamic Approach: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 12(1), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0010
Eltweri, A., Sawan, N., Al-Hajaya, K., & Badri, Z. (2024). The Influence of Liquidity Risk on Financial Performance: A Study of the UK’s Largest Commercial Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17120580
Fred Nelson, O. N. (2020). The Impact of Credit Risk Management on the Profitability of a Commercial Bank: The Case of BGFI Bank Congo. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(3), 21. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n3p21
Ghenimi, A., Chaibi, H., & Omri, M. A. B. (2021). Liquidity risk determinants: Islamic vs conventional banks. International Journal of Law and Management, 63(1), 65–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2018-0060
Gržeta, I., Žiković, S., & Tomas Žiković, I. (2023). Size matters: analyzing bank profitability and efficiency under the Basel III framework. Financial Innovation, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00412-y
Horobet, A., Radulescu, M., Belascu, L., & Dita, S. M. (2021). Determinants of Bank Profitability in CEE Countries: Evidence from GMM Panel Data Estimates. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070307
Jadwani, B., Parkhi, S., & Mitra, P. K. (2024). Operational Risk Management in Banks: A Bibliometric Analysis and Opportunities for Future Research. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030095
Jampion Mwakabalula, A., & Ally Mwamkonko, M. (2024). Can Credit Reference Bureaus Mitigate Commercial Banks’ Non-Performing Loans? Lesson from Tanzania. In AJER (Vol. 12, Issue 4).
Javid, S., Farooqi, M. R., Shoukat, A., & Rasheed, A. (2020). Assessment of Financial Risks on Financial performance of Conventional Banks: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. SI(1). https://doi.org/10.24312/20000113
Khemiri, M. A. (2025). Climate Risk and Bank Profitability in the MENA Region: The Moderating Role of Financial Development. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 15(3), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.18864
Kim, S. R. (2024). Financial Crisis as a Run on Profitable Banks. In ANNALS OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE (Vol. 25, Issue 1).
Liu, H., Molyneux, P., & Nguyen, L. H. (2012). Competition and risk in south east Asian commercial banking. Applied Economics, 44(28), 3627–3644. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.579066
Mankiw, N. G. (2021). ().
Mashrur, F. A., & Tabassum, N. (2023). A Panel Analysis On Macroeconomic And Bank-Specific Determinants Of Commercial Bank’s Profitability In A Developing Economy: Evidence From Bangladesh. Iosr Journal Of Economics And Finance (Iosr-Jef) E-Issn, 14, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-1406043746
Mehdi, R., Ahmed, I. E., & Mohamed, E. A. (2025). Rating the Impact of Risks in Banking on Performance: Utilizing the Adaptive Neural Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Risks, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/risks13050085
Mishkin, F. S. (2021). Economics_of_Money_Banking_and_Financial.
Muriithi, J. G., & Muigai, R. G. (2017). Quantitative analysis of Operational Risk and Profitability of Kenyan Commercial Banks using Cost Income Ratio. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 08(03), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-0803047683
Ngo, H. K., & Trinh, H. T. T. (2025). The impact of financial risks on bank performance: evidence from Bayesian analysis in Vietnam’s commercial banks. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01246-1
Nodeh, F. M., Anuar, M. A., Ramakrishnan, S., & Raftnia, A. A. (2015). The Effect of Board Structure on Banks Financial Performance by Moderating Firm Size. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p258
Obi, E., Fadun, O. S., & Ijimakinwa, B. A. (2025). The Impact of Credit Risk Management Policies on the Growth of Deposit Money Banks: The Nigerian Experience. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 14(3), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i3.4161
Ochenge, R. (2022). The effect of revenue diversification on bank profitability and stability during the COVID-19 Pandemic The effect of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Kenya KBA Centre for Research on Financial Markets and Policy ® Working Paper Series.
Odebode, O. K., Ezi, C. T., & Ishioro, B. O. (2024). Effects of non-performing loans on return on equity of selected commercial banks in Nigeria. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(1), 2599–2608. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0194
Ofori, B. S., Padi, A., & Musah, A. (2025). CORPORATE GOVERNANCE EFFECTIVENESS, OPERATIONAL RISK AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKS: THE ROLE OF FIRM SIZE. ECONOMICS - Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 13(2), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0031
Ogundele, O. S., & Nzama, L. (2025). Risk Management Practices and Financial Performance: Analysing Credit and Liquidity Risk Management and Disclosures by Nigerian Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18040198
Ozili, P. K. (2024). Elections and bank non-performing loans: Evidence from developed countries. Modern Finance, 2(2), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.61351/mf.v2i2.175
Qabajeh, M., Almajali, D., Natour, A. R. Al, Alqsass, M., & Maali, H. (2023). The impact of operational risk on profitability: Evidence from banking sector in the MENA region. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(4), 1459–1466. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.7.023
Rahmawati, R. (2020). THE EFFECT OF RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) AND RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) TO PROFIT GROWTH OF PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2010-2019.
Ramdani, L., Abbana, S., & Marimuthu, F. (2024). Enhancing Operational Risk Management in the Mauritian Banking Sector: A Structured Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.16153
Saeed, M., & N, Z. (2016). The Impact of Credit Risk on Profitability of the Commercial Banks. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs, 5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0234.1000192
Salman Abdou, D. M., Farag, K., & Ali, L. (2025). Detecting Credit Risk in Egyptian Banks: Does Machine Learning Matter? Ekonomika, 104(2), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2025.104.2.5
Sira Austin, Z. (2025). World Journal of Finance and Bank Size and Financial Performance: An Estimated Panel Data Study of Quoted Commercial Banks in Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.56201/wjfir.v9.no3.2025.pg47.63
Stiglitz, J. E., Fitoussi, J.-P., & Durand, M. (2018). Beyond GDP MEASURING WHAT COUNTS FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE.
Yahaya, A., Mahat, F., M.H, Y., & Matemilola, B. T. (2022). Liquidity risk and bank financial performance: an application of system GMM approach. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 30(3), 312–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2021-0019
Yuan, D., Abu Issa Gazi, M., Harymawan, I., Kumar Dhar, B., & Ishaque Hossain, A. (2022). Profitability determining factors of banking sector: Panel data analysis of commercial banks in South Asian countries.
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Published
2026-03-15
How to Cite
Annasyha, J., Hanindityasari, G., & Muchtar, S. (2026). THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL RISKS ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA COMMERCIAL BANKS. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 10(1), 1586-1605. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v10i1.7226
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