MENJAGA KESEIMBANGAN, MENINGKATKAN KINERJA : MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA DALAM HUBUNGAN WORK-LIFE BALANCE DAN WORK ENGAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Abstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki fenomena kepuasan kerja di sektor publik, khususnya melalui lensa keseimbangan kehidupan kerja (WLB) dan keterlibatan kerja (WE) dalam kaitannya dengan kinerja karyawan. Pemahaman komprehensif tentang WLB dan WE, bersama dengan efek konsekuensinya pada kinerja karyawan, sangat penting untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan kemanjuran entitas administrasi regional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif melalui pelaksanaan survei yang menargetkan karyawan di Biro Publik Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dirancang untuk menilai empat variabel utama: keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, keterlibatan kerja, kinerja karyawan, dan kepuasan kerja sebagai faktor mediasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) untuk mengevaluasi hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian. Temuan menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan secara statistik antara WLB dan kepuasan kerja; Namun, hubungan ini tidak meluas ke kinerja karyawan. Sebaliknya, WE menunjukkan pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, namun tidak menunjukkan dampak yang patut diperhatikan pada kinerja karyawan. Selanjutnya, baik WLB dan WE ditemukan memberikan efek positif yang signifikan pada kinerja karyawan, dimediasi oleh kepuasan kerja. Implikasi dari hasil ini diantisipasi untuk memberikan wawasan empiris mengenai peran mediasi kepuasan kerja dalam interaksi antara WLB dan WE dalam kaitannya dengan kinerja karyawan, di samping menawarkan pertimbangan praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan sumber daya manusia di sektor publik. Dalam model penelitian tunggal, integrasi variabel WLB dan WE dalam konteks sektor publik, di samping karakteristik geografis, sosial, dan budaya Kalimantan Utara, tidak diragukan lagi mempengaruhi dinamika pekerjaan dan kehidupan pribadi karyawan, sehingga memberikan pemahaman yang bernuansa tentang hubungan rumit di antara variabel.
References
Aboramadan, M., Albashiti, B., Alharazin, H., & Dahleez, K. A. (2020). Human resources management practices and organizational commitment in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(1), 154–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2019-0160
Aboramadan, M., Hassi, A., Alharazin, H. J., Dahleez, K. A., & Albashiti, B. (2019). Volunteering drivers and continuation will: the role of engagement. Journal of Management Development, 38(5), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2019-0057
Ahmed, S., Ashrafi, D. M., Ahmed, R., Ahmed, E., & Azim, Md. (2024). How employee engagement mediates the training and development and work–life balance towards job performance of the private banks? The TQM Journal, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-2023-0316
Ahmed, S., Mehrab Ashrafi, D., Ahmed, R., Ahmed, E., & Azim, M. (2024). How employee engagement mediates the training and development and work-life balance towards job performance of the private banks? The TQM Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-2023-0316
Alvinius, A., Johansson, E., & Larsson, G. (2017). Job satisfaction as a form of organizational commitment at the military strategic level. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(2), 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-10-2015-0919
Aruldoss, A., Berube Kowalski, K., Travis, M. L., & Parayitam, S. (2022). The relationship between work–life balance and job satisfaction: moderating role of training and development and work environment. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 19(2), 240–271. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-01-2021-0002
Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K., Travis, M. L., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between work–life balance and job satisfaction: moderating role of training and development and work environment. Journal of Advances in Management Research, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-01-2021-0002
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2015). The Meaning, Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Engagement: A Narrative Synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, online first, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12077
Bhat, S., Bashir, M., & Jan, H. (2024). Work engagement and perceived job performance: does information communication technology orientation matter? Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-07-2023-0245
Blyton, P., Noon, M., & Morrell, K. (2013). The Realities of Work.
CAMPBELL, J. P., McHENRY, J. J., & WISE, L. L. (1990). MODELING JOB PERFORMANCE IN A POPULATION OF JOBS. Personnel Psychology, 43(2), 313–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb01561.x
Chen, X., Ou, C. X., & Davison, R. M. (2022). Internal or external social media? The effects of work-related and social-related use of social media on improving employee performance. Internet Research, 32(3), 680–707. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-03-2020-0159
Clark, D. N., Reboud, S., Toutain, O., Ballereau, V., & Mazzarol, T. (2021). Entrepreneurial education: an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(4), 694–714. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2020.26
Clark, Sue Campbell. (2000). Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
De Simone, S., Planta, A., & Cicotto, G. (2018). The role of job satisfaction, work engagement, self-efficacy and agentic capacities on nurses’ turnover intention and patient satisfaction. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 130–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.004
Demerouti, E. (2018). Multiple Levels in Job Demands-Resources Theory: Implications for Employee Well-being and Performance.
Dube, N., & Ndofirepi, T. (2023). Academic staff commitment in the face of a role (im)balance between work and personal life: can job satisfaction help? European Journal of Management Studies, 29. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-08-2022-0048
Edgar, F., Geare, A., & Zhang, J. A. (2017). A comprehensive concomitant analysis of service employees’ well-being and performance. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1870–1889. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2016-0108
Eisenberger, R., Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived Organizational Support: Why Caring About Employees Counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044917
Ezeja, E. B., Azodo, C. C., Ehizele, A. O., Ehigiator, O., & Oboro, H. O. (2010). Assessment of job satisfaction and working conditions of Nigerian oral health workers. In International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences (Vol. 6, Issue 3). http://www.asopah.org
Ferrer, J. M. B., & Garrido, J. A. M. (2014). Impacto de la conciliación laboral y familiar en el desempeño organizativo. Intangible Capital, 10(3), 448–466. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.506
Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
Gautam, P., Gautam, D., & Bhetuwal, R. (2024). Work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intentions among nurses Turnover intentions among nurses. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2023-4002
Grandey, A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The Conservation of Resources Model Applied to Work–Family Conflict and Strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior - J VOCAT BEHAV, 54, 350–370. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1666
Greenhaus, J. (2011). Work-Family Balance: A Review and Extension of the Literature. In Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 183–265).
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, January, 10, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1985.4277352
Hair, J., Celsi, M., Money, A., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2015). The essentials of business research methods: Third Edition. 1–494. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716862
Hair, J. F. ., Hult, G. T. M. ., Ringle, C. M. ., & Sarstedt, Marko. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19, 139–151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.08.016
Halbesleben, J. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships with burnout, demands, resources and consequences. Work Engagement: Recent Developments in Theory and Research, 8.
Halbesleben, J., & Wheeler, A. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work & Stress, 22, 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802383962
Hendri, M. I. (2019). The mediation effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the organizational learning effect of the employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1208–1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2018-0174
Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hill, E., Hawkins, A., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding An Extra Day A Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance. Family Relations, 50, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00049.x
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Indrayani, I., Nurhatisyah, N., Damsar, D., & Wibisono, C. (2024). How does millennial employee job satisfaction affect performance? Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 14(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2023-0004
Jennifer, J., & Asri, D. H. (2022). Analisa Peran Employee Engagement Dalam Memediasi Work Environment, Leadership, Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Dan Training and Development Terhadap Employee Performance Bank Umum. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Performa, 19(2), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.29313/performa.v19i2.10221
Judge, T., & Bono, J. (2001). Relationship of Core Self-Evaluations Traits—Self-Esteem, Generalized Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Emotional Stability—With Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.80
Judge, T., Zhang, S., & Glerum, D. (2020). Job Satisfaction (pp. 207–241). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429325755-11
Kahn, W. A. (1990a). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. In Source: The Academy of Management Journal (Vol. 33, Issue 4).
Kahn, W. A. (1990b). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
Katabi, A., HajiZadeh, M., Bordbar, A., & Salehi, A. (2021). The Relationship Between “Job Satisfaction” and “Job Performance”: A Meta-analysis. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-021-00280-y
Khan, A., Khan, N., Bodla, A., & Gul, S. (2019). Impact of psychopathy on employee creativity via work engagement and negative socioemotional behavior in public health sector: Role of abusive supervision. Personnel Review, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2019-0072
Khan, S. (2020). Introduction to Systematic Review (pp. 3–13). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5032-4_1
Krijgsheld, M., Tummers, L., & Scheepers, F. (2022). Job performance in healthcare: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07357-5
Kumari, V., & Vasantha, S. (2019). Impact of work life balance on employee performance. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(10), 219–222. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02800.6
Lant, T., & Argote, L. (2000). Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 622. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667112
Liao, G., Zhou, J., & Yin, J. (2022). Effect of Organizational Socialization of New Employees on Team Innovation Performance: A Cross-Level Model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 1017–1031. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S359773
Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737–761. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014-0360
Manna, A., Pahari, S., Biswas, D., Banerjee, D., & Das, D. (2025). Work–life balance and employee commitment in the new normal: evidence from Indian railway using mixed-method approach. Kybernetes, 54(4), 2019–2040. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-06-2023-1002
Medina-Garrido, J. A., Biedma-Ferrer, J. M., & Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R. (2017). Relación entre conciliación trabajo-familia, bienestar del empleado y desempeño laboral. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 30(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-08-2015-0202
Medina-Garrido, J., Ferrer, J. M., & Bogren, M. (2023). Organizational support for work-family life balance as an antecedent to the well-being of tourism employees in Spain. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 57, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.08.018
Meyer, J., & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231556
Mira, M. S., Choong, Y. V., & Thim, C. K. (2019). The effect of HRM practices and employees’ job satisfaction on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 9(6), 771–786. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.3.011
Mughal, M. (2020). The Impact of Leadership, Teamwork and Employee Engagement on Employee Performances. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 05, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i03.008
Otoo, F. N. K. (2024). Does employee engagement mediate the nexus of job resource and employee turnover intentions? IIMT Journal of Management, 1(2), 130–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/IIMTJM-10-2023-0032
Ozturk, A., Karatepe, O. M., & Okumus, F. (2021a). The effect of servant leadership on hotel employees’ behavioral consequences: Work engagement versus job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 102994. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102994
Ozturk, A., Karatepe, O. M., & Okumus, F. (2021b). The effect of servant leadership on hotel employees’ behavioral consequences: Work engagement versus job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102994
Pane, S. G. (2025). Improving Employee Performance Through Work-Life Balance: a Study on the Mediation of Job Satisfaction and Work Stress at Pln Aceh Province. MIX: JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN, 15(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.22441/jurnal_mix.2025.v15i1.006
Pradinska Dewi, D., Indriati, F., & Drahen Soeling, P. (2020). EFFECT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, QUALITY OF WORK-LIFE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. IJM_11_06_058 International Journal of Management, 11(6), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.6.2020.058
Qodariah, Akbar, M., & Mauluddin, M. (2019). Effect of work engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment to employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2 Special Issue 4), 815–822. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B1164.0782S419
Rai, A., & Maheshwari, S. (2021). Exploring the mediating role of work engagement between the linkages of job characteristics with organizational engagement and job satisfaction. Management Research Review, 44(1), 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-10-2019-0442
Rizki Apriliani, T., Mukhsin, M., Rizki Apriliani Magister Management, T., Ekonomi dan Bisnis, F., Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, U., Jl Raya Palka Km, I., & Serang Provinsi Banten, K. (2024). The mediating role of job satisfaction on the relationship between work-life balance and female employee performance influenced by burnout. In IJAFIBS (Vol. 12, Issue 2). www.ijafibs.pelnus.ac.id
Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(1), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701763982
Samul, J., & Wangmo. (2021). Spiritual Dimensions in Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Polish and Bhutanese Managers. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 847–856. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S311456
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C., & Hair, J. (2017). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1
Schaufeli, W. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.515
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). BURNOUT AND ENGAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS A Cross-National Study. In BURNOUT AND ENGAGEMENT.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Seema, Choudhary, V., & Saini, G. (2021). Effect of Job Satisfaction on Moonlighting Intentions: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(1), 100137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100137
Shuck, B., Ghosh, R., Zigarmi, D., & Nimon, K. (2013). The Jingle Jangle of Employee Engagement. Human Resource Development Review, 12(1), 11–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484312463921
Smith, K., Smith, M., & Brower, T. (2010). An examination of work-life balance perspectives of accountants. International Journal of Critical Accounting, 3, 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCA.2011.042929
Sonnentag, S., Eck, K., Fritz, C., & Kühnel, J. (2020). Morning Reattachment to Work and Work Engagement During the Day: A Look at Day-Level Mediators. Journal of Management, 46(8), 1408–1435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206319829823
Sparrow, P., & Cooper, C. (2014). Organizational effectiveness, people and performance: new challenges, new research agendas. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 1(1), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2014-0004
Stor, M. (2024a). The effects of shaping employee work engagement and job satisfaction on company performance results: the mediating role of HRM outcomes in Central European MNCs. Central European Management Journal, 32(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0215
Stor, M. (2024b). The effects of shaping employee work engagement and job satisfaction on company performance results: the mediating role of HRM outcomes in Central European MNCs. Central European Management Journal, 32(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0215
Stor, M. (2024c). The effects of shaping employee work engagement and job satisfaction on company performance results: the mediating role of HRM outcomes in Central European MNCs. Central European Management Journal, 32(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0215
Sugiyono, S. (2010). Metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta Bandung, 14.
Suryawan, I., & Salsabilla, A. (2022). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Aksara Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 8, 137. https://doi.org/10.37905/aksara.8.1.137-146.2022
Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Jannat, T., Emely, B., Zona, M. A., & Islam, M. A. (2022). Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance of SMEs Employees: The Moderating Role of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 13-2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906876
Sutanto, E. M., Sigiols, P. J., & Wijaya, E. N. (2024). WORK-LIFE BALANCE, EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT, JOB SATISFACTION, AND INDONESIAN EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(3), 832–851. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.8355.2024
Tsaur, S.-H., Hsu, F.-S., & Lin, H. (2019). Workplace fun and work engagement in tourism and hospitality: The role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.03.016
Utari, K., & Mustaqim, M. (2022). WORK ENGAGEMENT EFFECTS ON JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION WITH GENERATION AS MODERATING VARIABLE. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 32(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.20473/jeba.v32i22022.118-129
Xanthopoulou, D. (2009). The Crossover of Daily Work Engagement: Test of an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1562–1571. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017525
Zhang, D., & Liu, L. (2022). Does ESG Performance Enhance Financial Flexibility? Evidence from China. Sustainability, 14, 11324. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811324
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Kuo, Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400
Aboramadan, M., Hassi, A., Alharazin, H. J., Dahleez, K. A., & Albashiti, B. (2019). Volunteering drivers and continuation will: the role of engagement. Journal of Management Development, 38(5), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2019-0057
Ahmed, S., Ashrafi, D. M., Ahmed, R., Ahmed, E., & Azim, Md. (2024). How employee engagement mediates the training and development and work–life balance towards job performance of the private banks? The TQM Journal, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-2023-0316
Ahmed, S., Mehrab Ashrafi, D., Ahmed, R., Ahmed, E., & Azim, M. (2024). How employee engagement mediates the training and development and work-life balance towards job performance of the private banks? The TQM Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-2023-0316
Alvinius, A., Johansson, E., & Larsson, G. (2017). Job satisfaction as a form of organizational commitment at the military strategic level. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(2), 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-10-2015-0919
Aruldoss, A., Berube Kowalski, K., Travis, M. L., & Parayitam, S. (2022). The relationship between work–life balance and job satisfaction: moderating role of training and development and work environment. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 19(2), 240–271. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-01-2021-0002
Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K., Travis, M. L., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between work–life balance and job satisfaction: moderating role of training and development and work environment. Journal of Advances in Management Research, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-01-2021-0002
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2015). The Meaning, Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Engagement: A Narrative Synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, online first, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12077
Bhat, S., Bashir, M., & Jan, H. (2024). Work engagement and perceived job performance: does information communication technology orientation matter? Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-07-2023-0245
Blyton, P., Noon, M., & Morrell, K. (2013). The Realities of Work.
CAMPBELL, J. P., McHENRY, J. J., & WISE, L. L. (1990). MODELING JOB PERFORMANCE IN A POPULATION OF JOBS. Personnel Psychology, 43(2), 313–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb01561.x
Chen, X., Ou, C. X., & Davison, R. M. (2022). Internal or external social media? The effects of work-related and social-related use of social media on improving employee performance. Internet Research, 32(3), 680–707. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-03-2020-0159
Clark, D. N., Reboud, S., Toutain, O., Ballereau, V., & Mazzarol, T. (2021). Entrepreneurial education: an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(4), 694–714. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2020.26
Clark, Sue Campbell. (2000). Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
De Simone, S., Planta, A., & Cicotto, G. (2018). The role of job satisfaction, work engagement, self-efficacy and agentic capacities on nurses’ turnover intention and patient satisfaction. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 130–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.004
Demerouti, E. (2018). Multiple Levels in Job Demands-Resources Theory: Implications for Employee Well-being and Performance.
Dube, N., & Ndofirepi, T. (2023). Academic staff commitment in the face of a role (im)balance between work and personal life: can job satisfaction help? European Journal of Management Studies, 29. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-08-2022-0048
Edgar, F., Geare, A., & Zhang, J. A. (2017). A comprehensive concomitant analysis of service employees’ well-being and performance. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1870–1889. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2016-0108
Eisenberger, R., Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived Organizational Support: Why Caring About Employees Counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044917
Ezeja, E. B., Azodo, C. C., Ehizele, A. O., Ehigiator, O., & Oboro, H. O. (2010). Assessment of job satisfaction and working conditions of Nigerian oral health workers. In International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences (Vol. 6, Issue 3). http://www.asopah.org
Ferrer, J. M. B., & Garrido, J. A. M. (2014). Impacto de la conciliación laboral y familiar en el desempeño organizativo. Intangible Capital, 10(3), 448–466. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.506
Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
Gautam, P., Gautam, D., & Bhetuwal, R. (2024). Work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intentions among nurses Turnover intentions among nurses. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2023-4002
Grandey, A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The Conservation of Resources Model Applied to Work–Family Conflict and Strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior - J VOCAT BEHAV, 54, 350–370. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1666
Greenhaus, J. (2011). Work-Family Balance: A Review and Extension of the Literature. In Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 183–265).
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, January, 10, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1985.4277352
Hair, J., Celsi, M., Money, A., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2015). The essentials of business research methods: Third Edition. 1–494. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716862
Hair, J. F. ., Hult, G. T. M. ., Ringle, C. M. ., & Sarstedt, Marko. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19, 139–151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.08.016
Halbesleben, J. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships with burnout, demands, resources and consequences. Work Engagement: Recent Developments in Theory and Research, 8.
Halbesleben, J., & Wheeler, A. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work & Stress, 22, 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802383962
Hendri, M. I. (2019). The mediation effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the organizational learning effect of the employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1208–1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2018-0174
Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hill, E., Hawkins, A., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding An Extra Day A Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance. Family Relations, 50, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00049.x
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Indrayani, I., Nurhatisyah, N., Damsar, D., & Wibisono, C. (2024). How does millennial employee job satisfaction affect performance? Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 14(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2023-0004
Jennifer, J., & Asri, D. H. (2022). Analisa Peran Employee Engagement Dalam Memediasi Work Environment, Leadership, Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Dan Training and Development Terhadap Employee Performance Bank Umum. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Performa, 19(2), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.29313/performa.v19i2.10221
Judge, T., & Bono, J. (2001). Relationship of Core Self-Evaluations Traits—Self-Esteem, Generalized Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Emotional Stability—With Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.80
Judge, T., Zhang, S., & Glerum, D. (2020). Job Satisfaction (pp. 207–241). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429325755-11
Kahn, W. A. (1990a). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. In Source: The Academy of Management Journal (Vol. 33, Issue 4).
Kahn, W. A. (1990b). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
Katabi, A., HajiZadeh, M., Bordbar, A., & Salehi, A. (2021). The Relationship Between “Job Satisfaction” and “Job Performance”: A Meta-analysis. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-021-00280-y
Khan, A., Khan, N., Bodla, A., & Gul, S. (2019). Impact of psychopathy on employee creativity via work engagement and negative socioemotional behavior in public health sector: Role of abusive supervision. Personnel Review, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2019-0072
Khan, S. (2020). Introduction to Systematic Review (pp. 3–13). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5032-4_1
Krijgsheld, M., Tummers, L., & Scheepers, F. (2022). Job performance in healthcare: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07357-5
Kumari, V., & Vasantha, S. (2019). Impact of work life balance on employee performance. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(10), 219–222. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02800.6
Lant, T., & Argote, L. (2000). Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 622. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667112
Liao, G., Zhou, J., & Yin, J. (2022). Effect of Organizational Socialization of New Employees on Team Innovation Performance: A Cross-Level Model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 1017–1031. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S359773
Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737–761. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014-0360
Manna, A., Pahari, S., Biswas, D., Banerjee, D., & Das, D. (2025). Work–life balance and employee commitment in the new normal: evidence from Indian railway using mixed-method approach. Kybernetes, 54(4), 2019–2040. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-06-2023-1002
Medina-Garrido, J. A., Biedma-Ferrer, J. M., & Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R. (2017). Relación entre conciliación trabajo-familia, bienestar del empleado y desempeño laboral. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 30(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-08-2015-0202
Medina-Garrido, J., Ferrer, J. M., & Bogren, M. (2023). Organizational support for work-family life balance as an antecedent to the well-being of tourism employees in Spain. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 57, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.08.018
Meyer, J., & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231556
Mira, M. S., Choong, Y. V., & Thim, C. K. (2019). The effect of HRM practices and employees’ job satisfaction on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 9(6), 771–786. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.3.011
Mughal, M. (2020). The Impact of Leadership, Teamwork and Employee Engagement on Employee Performances. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 05, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i03.008
Otoo, F. N. K. (2024). Does employee engagement mediate the nexus of job resource and employee turnover intentions? IIMT Journal of Management, 1(2), 130–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/IIMTJM-10-2023-0032
Ozturk, A., Karatepe, O. M., & Okumus, F. (2021a). The effect of servant leadership on hotel employees’ behavioral consequences: Work engagement versus job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 102994. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102994
Ozturk, A., Karatepe, O. M., & Okumus, F. (2021b). The effect of servant leadership on hotel employees’ behavioral consequences: Work engagement versus job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102994
Pane, S. G. (2025). Improving Employee Performance Through Work-Life Balance: a Study on the Mediation of Job Satisfaction and Work Stress at Pln Aceh Province. MIX: JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN, 15(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.22441/jurnal_mix.2025.v15i1.006
Pradinska Dewi, D., Indriati, F., & Drahen Soeling, P. (2020). EFFECT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, QUALITY OF WORK-LIFE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. IJM_11_06_058 International Journal of Management, 11(6), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.6.2020.058
Qodariah, Akbar, M., & Mauluddin, M. (2019). Effect of work engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment to employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2 Special Issue 4), 815–822. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B1164.0782S419
Rai, A., & Maheshwari, S. (2021). Exploring the mediating role of work engagement between the linkages of job characteristics with organizational engagement and job satisfaction. Management Research Review, 44(1), 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-10-2019-0442
Rizki Apriliani, T., Mukhsin, M., Rizki Apriliani Magister Management, T., Ekonomi dan Bisnis, F., Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, U., Jl Raya Palka Km, I., & Serang Provinsi Banten, K. (2024). The mediating role of job satisfaction on the relationship between work-life balance and female employee performance influenced by burnout. In IJAFIBS (Vol. 12, Issue 2). www.ijafibs.pelnus.ac.id
Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(1), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701763982
Samul, J., & Wangmo. (2021). Spiritual Dimensions in Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Polish and Bhutanese Managers. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 847–856. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S311456
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C., & Hair, J. (2017). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1
Schaufeli, W. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.515
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). BURNOUT AND ENGAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS A Cross-National Study. In BURNOUT AND ENGAGEMENT.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Seema, Choudhary, V., & Saini, G. (2021). Effect of Job Satisfaction on Moonlighting Intentions: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(1), 100137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100137
Shuck, B., Ghosh, R., Zigarmi, D., & Nimon, K. (2013). The Jingle Jangle of Employee Engagement. Human Resource Development Review, 12(1), 11–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484312463921
Smith, K., Smith, M., & Brower, T. (2010). An examination of work-life balance perspectives of accountants. International Journal of Critical Accounting, 3, 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCA.2011.042929
Sonnentag, S., Eck, K., Fritz, C., & Kühnel, J. (2020). Morning Reattachment to Work and Work Engagement During the Day: A Look at Day-Level Mediators. Journal of Management, 46(8), 1408–1435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206319829823
Sparrow, P., & Cooper, C. (2014). Organizational effectiveness, people and performance: new challenges, new research agendas. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 1(1), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2014-0004
Stor, M. (2024a). The effects of shaping employee work engagement and job satisfaction on company performance results: the mediating role of HRM outcomes in Central European MNCs. Central European Management Journal, 32(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0215
Stor, M. (2024b). The effects of shaping employee work engagement and job satisfaction on company performance results: the mediating role of HRM outcomes in Central European MNCs. Central European Management Journal, 32(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0215
Stor, M. (2024c). The effects of shaping employee work engagement and job satisfaction on company performance results: the mediating role of HRM outcomes in Central European MNCs. Central European Management Journal, 32(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0215
Sugiyono, S. (2010). Metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta Bandung, 14.
Suryawan, I., & Salsabilla, A. (2022). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Aksara Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 8, 137. https://doi.org/10.37905/aksara.8.1.137-146.2022
Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Jannat, T., Emely, B., Zona, M. A., & Islam, M. A. (2022). Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance of SMEs Employees: The Moderating Role of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 13-2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906876
Sutanto, E. M., Sigiols, P. J., & Wijaya, E. N. (2024). WORK-LIFE BALANCE, EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT, JOB SATISFACTION, AND INDONESIAN EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(3), 832–851. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.8355.2024
Tsaur, S.-H., Hsu, F.-S., & Lin, H. (2019). Workplace fun and work engagement in tourism and hospitality: The role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.03.016
Utari, K., & Mustaqim, M. (2022). WORK ENGAGEMENT EFFECTS ON JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION WITH GENERATION AS MODERATING VARIABLE. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 32(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.20473/jeba.v32i22022.118-129
Xanthopoulou, D. (2009). The Crossover of Daily Work Engagement: Test of an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1562–1571. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017525
Zhang, D., & Liu, L. (2022). Does ESG Performance Enhance Financial Flexibility? Evidence from China. Sustainability, 14, 11324. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811324
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Kuo, Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400
Published
2025-10-31
How to Cite
Siahaan, L., & Juliana, A. (2025). MENJAGA KESEIMBANGAN, MENINGKATKAN KINERJA : MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA DALAM HUBUNGAN WORK-LIFE BALANCE DAN WORK ENGAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 9(3), 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v9i3.6404
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
