PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK BANK TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Studi dilakukan dengan meneliti pengaruh karakteristik bank terhadap profitabilitas, diproksikan dengan Return on Assets, dengan rasio kecukupan modal, simpanan, pinjaman, likuiditas, kredit bermasalah, dan ukuran bank sebagai variabel independent serta moderasi kredit bermasalah terhadap modal. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa simpanan, pinjaman, kredit bermasalah dan ukuran bank memiliki efek signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan rasio lain tidak berpengaruh. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya pengelolaan dana pihak ketiga dan penyaluran kredit yang berhati-hati serta kecukupan asset bank untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas.
References
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Bumantara, T. S., & Muchtar, S. (2024). Pengaruh Macroeconomi dan Bank Specific terhadap Non-Performing Loans pada Bank KBMI 3 yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(3), 2469–2476. https://journal.laaroiba.ac.id/index.php/elmal/article/view/5656
Doǧan, M., & Yildiz, F. (2023). Testing the Factors that Determine the Profitability of Banks with a Dynamic Approach: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 12(1), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0010
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Ishak, F., Franssisca Dungga, M., & Amali, L. M. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP) Dan Net Interest Margin (NIM) Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2016-2020. JAMBURA, 5(1), 89–97. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/JIMB/article/view/14246
Iskandar, Y., Suharyanto, S., Zaki, A., & Widhayani, P. S. (2023). The Effect of Non-Perforning Loan and Loa Deposit Rations on Stock Returns is Mediated by A Profitability Study on Commercial Banks Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2016 - 2018. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.01
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Juraev, U. (2023). The Impact of NonPerforming Loans on Bank Profitability: Evicence from Commercial Banks of Uzbekistan. https://www.zbw.eu/econis-archiv/bitstream/11159/632035/1/1868894673_0.pdf#page=68
Kadek, N., & Yasmini, D. (2022). Credit Risk as Moderating Effect of Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirement, Credit Distribution and Efficiency Operational to Profitability. VJRA, 11(01). https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/vjra.v11i01.49742
Kawshala, H., & Hirindukawshala, K. (2017). The Factors Effecting on Bank Profitability. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(2), 212. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313530386_The_Factors_Effecting_on_Bank_Profitability
Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2016). The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from European Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14(1), 86–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-05-2015-0060
Muhammed, S., Desalegn, G., & Emese, P. (2024). Effect of Capital Structure on the Financial Performance of Ethiopian Commercial Banks. Risks, 12(4), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks12040069
Munandar, A. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Aktiva Produktif dan Net Performing Financing (NPF) Terhadap Net Operating Margin (NOM) Bank Umum Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah Periode Juni 2014-Maret 2020. Ekonomica Sharia Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Syariah, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.36908/esha.v6i1.138
O’Connell, M. (2023). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: evidence from the UK. Studies in Economics and Finance, 40(1), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-10-2021-0413
Öndes, T., & Osman, A. B. (2020). Is Liquidity An Influencing Factor for Profitability of Banks? An Empirical Study. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 393–402. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.686734
Pardosi, A. R. S., Hutabarat, F., & Siagian, H. (2024). Pengaruh CAR, BOPO, ROA dan BI Rate Terhadap NPL Bank. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB), 6(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v6i2.9087
Parenrengi, S., & Hendratni, T. W. (2018). Pengaruh dana pihak ketiga, kecukupan modal dan penyaluran kredit terhadap profitabilitas bank. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36407/jmsab.v1i1.15
Parvin, S., Chowdhury, A. N. M. M. H., Siddiqua, A., & Ferdous, J. (2019). Effect of Liquidity and Bank Size on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 9(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v9i1.219
Prabowo, F. P. S. R., Halim, Sarita, B., Syaifuddin, D. T., Sujono, Saleh, S., Hamid, W., & Budi, N. (2018). Effect Of Equity To Assets Ratio (EAR), Size , And Loan To Assets Ratio (LAR) On Bank Performance. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338158961_Effect_Of_Equity_To_Assets_Ratio_EAR_Size_And_Loan_To_Assets_Ratio_LAR_On_Bank_Performance
Pratika, N., Yunita, A., & Vebtasvili, V. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Kecukupan Modal, Likuiditas, Rasio Biaya dan Penyaluran Kredit terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Risiko Kredit sebagai Variabel Moderasi Studi pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33019/ijab.v5i1.62
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Putri, A. S., & Satrio, B. (2020). Pengaruh CAR, NPL, BOPO, LDR, dan NIM terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen, 7(8), 1–20. http://jurnalmahasiswa.stiesia.ac.id/index.php/jirm/article/view/2314
Putri, R. A., Kusno, H. S., & Parasi, J. (2022). Pengaruh LDR, CAR, BOPO dab Bank Size terhadap ROA pada Bank Umum di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI), 13(1). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21009/JRMSI.013.1.01
Quoc Trung, N. K. (2021). Determinants of bank performance in Vietnamese commercial banks: an application of the camels model. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1979443
Rachman, F., Muslim, A., & Widiastuti, M. C. (2023). Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Profitabilitas Bank di Indonesia yang Dimoderasi oleh Ukuran. JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN INOVASI UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI (JMBI UNSRAT), 10, 1741–1758. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jmbi/article/view/50410
Rachmawati, S., & Marwansyah, S. (2019). Pengaruh Inflasi, BI Rate, CAR, NPL, BOPO Terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank BUMN. Jurnal Mantik Penusa, 3(1). https://repository.bsi.ac.id/repo/19605/Pengaruh-Inflasi,-BI-RATE,-CAR,-NPL,-BOPO-Terhadap-Profitabilitas-Pada-BANK-BUMN
Rasyiddin Wahyu, D., Nurasiah, I., & Rahayu, S. (2023). Pengaruh Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan Capital Adequacy Ration (CAR) Terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada Bank BUMN yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2012-2019. Jurnal Valuasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(2), 689–706. https://doi.org/10.46306/vls.v3i2
Saaba, V. E., & Yunita, I. (2022). Pengaruh LAR, DAR, NIETA, PDB per Kapita, Inflasi dan SMCGDP Terhadap ROA Sub Sektor Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2016-2020. JIMEA | Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i3.2471
Saif-Alyousfi, A. Y. H. (2022). Determinants of bank profitability: evidence from 47 Asian countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 49(1), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2020-0215
Simatupang, H. B. (2019). Peranan Perbankan dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Indonesia. In Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multiparadigma (JRAM) (Vol. 6, Issue 2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30743/akutansi.v6i2.2184
Suhendra, S., & Aswat, I. (2024). Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Beban Operasional dan Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) Terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) Pada PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Periode 2018 - 2022. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi (Jebma), 4(1), 161–171. https://doi.org/doi.org/jebma.v4n1.3243
Theiri, S., & Hadoussa, S. (2024). Digitization effects on banks’ financial performance: the case of an African country. Competitiveness Review, 34(1), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-10-2022-0147
Udayani, S. A., & Wirajaya, I. G. A. (2019). Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal dan Penyaluran Kredit Pada Profitabilitas Dengan Risiko Kredit Sebagai Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 1826. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v26.i03.p06
Verlina, A., & Usman, B. (2024). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Bank Yang Terdaftar di BEI. Nusantara Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1, 424–430. https://jurnal.intekom.id/index.php/njms/article/view/324/276
Akther, T., Rahman, M., & Rahman, Md. M. (2023). Factors influencing commercial bank profitability in Bangladesh: a panel data approach. Future Business Journal, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00247-8
Anggawulan, M. D. D., & Suardikha, I. M. S. (2021). Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Return On Assets dengan Non Performing Loan sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i01.p10
Anggraini, C. N., Kosim, B., & Agusria, L. (2022). Pengaruh Tingkat Kecukupan Modal, Tingkat Likuiditas dan Efisiensi Operasional terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Konvensional dengan Risiko Kredit sebagai Pemoderasi. Jurnal Kompetitif, 11(1). https://www.scribd.com/document/645979911/906-1960-1-PB
Arif, M., & Masdupi, E. (2020). Pengaruh Internet Banking Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan. Jurnal Ecogen, 3(4). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v3i4.10435
Bumantara, T. S., & Muchtar, S. (2024). Pengaruh Macroeconomi dan Bank Specific terhadap Non-Performing Loans pada Bank KBMI 3 yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(3), 2469–2476. https://journal.laaroiba.ac.id/index.php/elmal/article/view/5656
Doǧan, M., & Yildiz, F. (2023). Testing the Factors that Determine the Profitability of Banks with a Dynamic Approach: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 12(1), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0010
Farooq, M., Khan, S., Atique Siddiqui, A., Tariq Khan, M., & Kamran Khan, M. (2021). Determinants of Profitability: A Case of Commercial Banks in Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(2), 01–13. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.921
Hasanudin, H., Teruna Awaloedin, D., & Apriyati, N. (2023). The Effect of LDR Ratio, CAR Ratio and BOPO Ratio on ROA in Conventional Banking on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2015-2020. 8(2), 750–761. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v8i2.11250
Hidayatullah, S. K., & Safira, A. A. (2024). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan Bank Digital Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56799/ekoma.v3i3.3197
Indraeni, I., Supraptiningsih, J. D., & Riyanto, D. (2024). Pengaruh Tabungan, Deposito dan Kredit terhadap Tingkat Laba Pada Bank Danamon Tbk. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 8(1), 5206–5221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v8i1.13186
Ishak, F., Franssisca Dungga, M., & Amali, L. M. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP) Dan Net Interest Margin (NIM) Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2016-2020. JAMBURA, 5(1), 89–97. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/JIMB/article/view/14246
Iskandar, Y., Suharyanto, S., Zaki, A., & Widhayani, P. S. (2023). The Effect of Non-Perforning Loan and Loa Deposit Rations on Stock Returns is Mediated by A Profitability Study on Commercial Banks Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2016 - 2018. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.01
Jigeer, S., & Koroleva, E. (2023). The Determinants of Profitability in the City Commercial Banks: Case of China. Risks, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11030053
Juraev, U. (2023). The Impact of NonPerforming Loans on Bank Profitability: Evicence from Commercial Banks of Uzbekistan. https://www.zbw.eu/econis-archiv/bitstream/11159/632035/1/1868894673_0.pdf#page=68
Kadek, N., & Yasmini, D. (2022). Credit Risk as Moderating Effect of Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirement, Credit Distribution and Efficiency Operational to Profitability. VJRA, 11(01). https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/vjra.v11i01.49742
Kawshala, H., & Hirindukawshala, K. (2017). The Factors Effecting on Bank Profitability. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(2), 212. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313530386_The_Factors_Effecting_on_Bank_Profitability
Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2016). The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from European Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14(1), 86–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-05-2015-0060
Muhammed, S., Desalegn, G., & Emese, P. (2024). Effect of Capital Structure on the Financial Performance of Ethiopian Commercial Banks. Risks, 12(4), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks12040069
Munandar, A. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Aktiva Produktif dan Net Performing Financing (NPF) Terhadap Net Operating Margin (NOM) Bank Umum Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah Periode Juni 2014-Maret 2020. Ekonomica Sharia Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Syariah, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.36908/esha.v6i1.138
O’Connell, M. (2023). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: evidence from the UK. Studies in Economics and Finance, 40(1), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-10-2021-0413
Öndes, T., & Osman, A. B. (2020). Is Liquidity An Influencing Factor for Profitability of Banks? An Empirical Study. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 393–402. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.686734
Pardosi, A. R. S., Hutabarat, F., & Siagian, H. (2024). Pengaruh CAR, BOPO, ROA dan BI Rate Terhadap NPL Bank. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB), 6(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v6i2.9087
Parenrengi, S., & Hendratni, T. W. (2018). Pengaruh dana pihak ketiga, kecukupan modal dan penyaluran kredit terhadap profitabilitas bank. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36407/jmsab.v1i1.15
Parvin, S., Chowdhury, A. N. M. M. H., Siddiqua, A., & Ferdous, J. (2019). Effect of Liquidity and Bank Size on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 9(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v9i1.219
Prabowo, F. P. S. R., Halim, Sarita, B., Syaifuddin, D. T., Sujono, Saleh, S., Hamid, W., & Budi, N. (2018). Effect Of Equity To Assets Ratio (EAR), Size , And Loan To Assets Ratio (LAR) On Bank Performance. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338158961_Effect_Of_Equity_To_Assets_Ratio_EAR_Size_And_Loan_To_Assets_Ratio_LAR_On_Bank_Performance
Pratika, N., Yunita, A., & Vebtasvili, V. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Kecukupan Modal, Likuiditas, Rasio Biaya dan Penyaluran Kredit terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Risiko Kredit sebagai Variabel Moderasi Studi pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33019/ijab.v5i1.62
Priyo Susetyo, D. (2023). The Effect of Return on Assets and Firm Size on Capital Structure (Vol. 1, Issue 1). https://ip2i.org/jip/index.php/ema/article/view/27
Putri, A. S., & Satrio, B. (2020). Pengaruh CAR, NPL, BOPO, LDR, dan NIM terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen, 7(8), 1–20. http://jurnalmahasiswa.stiesia.ac.id/index.php/jirm/article/view/2314
Putri, R. A., Kusno, H. S., & Parasi, J. (2022). Pengaruh LDR, CAR, BOPO dab Bank Size terhadap ROA pada Bank Umum di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI), 13(1). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21009/JRMSI.013.1.01
Quoc Trung, N. K. (2021). Determinants of bank performance in Vietnamese commercial banks: an application of the camels model. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1979443
Rachman, F., Muslim, A., & Widiastuti, M. C. (2023). Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Profitabilitas Bank di Indonesia yang Dimoderasi oleh Ukuran. JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN INOVASI UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI (JMBI UNSRAT), 10, 1741–1758. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jmbi/article/view/50410
Rachmawati, S., & Marwansyah, S. (2019). Pengaruh Inflasi, BI Rate, CAR, NPL, BOPO Terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank BUMN. Jurnal Mantik Penusa, 3(1). https://repository.bsi.ac.id/repo/19605/Pengaruh-Inflasi,-BI-RATE,-CAR,-NPL,-BOPO-Terhadap-Profitabilitas-Pada-BANK-BUMN
Rasyiddin Wahyu, D., Nurasiah, I., & Rahayu, S. (2023). Pengaruh Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan Capital Adequacy Ration (CAR) Terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada Bank BUMN yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2012-2019. Jurnal Valuasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(2), 689–706. https://doi.org/10.46306/vls.v3i2
Saaba, V. E., & Yunita, I. (2022). Pengaruh LAR, DAR, NIETA, PDB per Kapita, Inflasi dan SMCGDP Terhadap ROA Sub Sektor Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2016-2020. JIMEA | Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i3.2471
Saif-Alyousfi, A. Y. H. (2022). Determinants of bank profitability: evidence from 47 Asian countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 49(1), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2020-0215
Simatupang, H. B. (2019). Peranan Perbankan dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Indonesia. In Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multiparadigma (JRAM) (Vol. 6, Issue 2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30743/akutansi.v6i2.2184
Suhendra, S., & Aswat, I. (2024). Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Beban Operasional dan Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) Terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) Pada PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Periode 2018 - 2022. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi (Jebma), 4(1), 161–171. https://doi.org/doi.org/jebma.v4n1.3243
Theiri, S., & Hadoussa, S. (2024). Digitization effects on banks’ financial performance: the case of an African country. Competitiveness Review, 34(1), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-10-2022-0147
Udayani, S. A., & Wirajaya, I. G. A. (2019). Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal dan Penyaluran Kredit Pada Profitabilitas Dengan Risiko Kredit Sebagai Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 1826. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v26.i03.p06
Verlina, A., & Usman, B. (2024). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Bank Yang Terdaftar di BEI. Nusantara Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1, 424–430. https://jurnal.intekom.id/index.php/njms/article/view/324/276
Published
2024-09-05
How to Cite
Eston, M. A., Muslim, A., & Widiastuti, M. (2024). PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK BANK TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK DI INDONESIA. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 8(3), 212-235. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i3.4422
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