PENGARUH DEFORESTASI TERHADAP EMISI CO2 PADA NEGARA BERIKLIM TROPIS DI BENUA ASIA
Abstract
Masalah kondisi perubahan iklim akibat adanya peningkatan emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari berbagai jenis aktifitas manusia salah satunya adalah akibat dari deforestasi. Masalah deforestasi seringkali disepelekan dan diremehkan padahal pengaruh dari deforestasi dapat menjadi penghambat dalam program Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) terutama SDGs 13 yaitu menstabilkan perubahan iklim. Selain itu, masalah deforestasi paling banyak terjadi di wilayah yang beriklim tropis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh deforestasi terhadap emisi CO2 pada 14 negara beriklim tropis di benua Asia selama 20 tahun dari tahun 2001-2020. Penelitian ini juga akan mengkaji pengaruh jumlah penduduk, pendapatan dan konsumsi energi terhadap emisi CO2. Untuk mencapai tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini, digunakan studi empiris kuantitatif dengan metode utamanya adalah metode DOLS dan untuk memperkuat ketahanan hasil estimasi digunakan metode FMOLS. Hasil estimasi DOLS menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan 1% deforestasi maka akan meningkatkan emisi CO2 sebesar 0.026105%. Selain itu, pendapatan dan konsumsi energi dikatahui memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan emisi CO2 dan pada penelitian lebih lanjut terkait hubungan pendapatan dan emisi CO2, diketahui bahwa terdapat EKC berbentuk U terbalik. Namun demikian, pengaruh jumlah penduduk diketahui berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan emisi CO2. Hasil estimasi DOLS ini diperkuat dengan hasil estimasi FMOLS yang menunjukkan pengaruh dan arah yang sama. Dari hasil penelitian ini, kebijakan yang harus diambil oleh para pemengang kekuasaan adalah memperketat aturan mengenai kehutanan terutama terkait izin penebangan dan pengalihan lahan. Serta saran praktis yang harus dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan tindakan reboisasi.
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Aye, G. C., & Edoja, P. E. (2017). Effect of economic growth on CO2 emission in developing countries: Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model. Cogent Economics and Finance, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1379239
Balli, E., Sigeze, C., Ugur, M. S., & Çatık, A. N. (2023). The relationship between FDI, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption in Asia-Pacific economic cooperation countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(15), 42845–42862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17494-3
Begum, R. A., Raihan, A., & Said, M. N. M. (2020). Dynamic impacts of economic growth and forested area on carbon dioxide emissions in malaysia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229375
Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2019). Energy economics: Concepts, issues, markets and governance, 2nd ed. 2019. In Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance, 2nd ed. 2019. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7468-4
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Dietz, T., & Rosa, E. A. (1997). Effects of population and affluence on CO 2 emissions (Vol. 94). www.pnas.org.
Field, B. (2008). Natural Resource Economics: Second Edition. United State of America: Waveland Press
Barry, & Olewiler Nancy. (2011). Environmental Economics: 3rd Edition (2011). McGraw-Hill Ryerson
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FRA. (2000). The Forest Resources Assessment Programme. www.fao.org/fo
FRA. (2020). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. In Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8753en
Gökmenoğlu, K., & Taspinar, N. (2016). The relationship between Co2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and FDI: the case of Turkey. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 25(5), 706–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2015.1119876
Hanif, I., Aziz, B., & Chaudhry, I. S. (2019). Carbon emissions across the spectrum of renewable and nonrenewable energy use in developing economies of Asia. Renewable Energy, 143, 586–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.032
Ifelunini, I., Ekpo, U., Agbutun, S. A., Arazu, O. W., Ugwu, C. S., Osadebe, N., & Asogwa, O. F. (2023). Economic Growth, Governance and CO2Emissions in West Africa. Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S2345748123500021
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Islam, R., Bashawir, A., Ghani, A., & Mahyudin, E. (2017). International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy Carbon Dioxide Emission, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Population, Poverty and Forest Area: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy |, 7(4), 99–106. http: www.econjournals.com
Jebabli, I., Lahiani, A., & Mefteh-Wali, S. (2023). Quantile connectedness between CO2 emissions and economic growth in G7 countries. Resources Policy, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103348
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Mohd Jaafar, W. S. W., Maulud, K. N. A., Muhmad Kamarulzaman, A. M., Raihan, A., Sah, S. M., Ahmad, A., Maizah Saad, S. N., Mohd Azmi, A. T., Syukri, N. K. A. J., & Khan, W. R. (2020). The influence of deforestation on land surface temperature-A case study of Perak and Kedah, Malaysia. Forests, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/F11060670
Namahoro, J. P., Wu, Q., Xiao, H., & Zhou, N. (2021). The impact of renewable energy, economic and population growth on co2 emissions in the east african region: Evidence from common correlated effect means group and asymmetric analysis. Energies, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020312
NASA. (2024, January 30). CAUSES The Causes of Climate Change. Global Climate Change.
Parajuli, R., Joshi, O., & Maraseni, T. (2019). Incorporating forests, agriculture, and energy consumption in the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A dynamic panel data approach. Sustainability, 11(9), 2688.
Raihan, A. (2023). The dynamic nexus between economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, forest area, and carbon dioxide emissions in the Philippines. Energy Nexus, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100180
Raihan, A., Begum, R. A., Nizam, M., Said, M., & Pereira, J. J. (2022). Dynamic impacts of energy use, agricultural land expansion, and deforestation on CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 29(3), 477–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-022-00532-9
Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2021). Forests and deforestation. Our World in Data.
Selvanathan Saroja, Jayasinghe Maneka Savithri, Selvanathan Eliyathamby, Abbas Syed Ali, & Iftekhar Md Sayed. (2023). Energy consumption, agriculture, forestation and CO2 emission nexus: an application to OECD countries. APPLIED ECONOMICS.
Seydewitz, T., Pradhan, P., Landholm, D. M., & Kropp, J. P. (2023). Deforestation Drivers Across the Tropics and Their Impacts on Carbon Stocks and Ecosystem Services. Anthropocene Science, 2(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44177-023-00051-7
Sharif, F., Hussain, I., & Qubtia, M. (2023). Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission and Economic Growth at Aggregate and Disaggregate Level: A Panel Analysis of the Top Polluted Countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042935
Shi Anqing. (2001). populasi. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.
Sikder, M., Wang, C., Yao, X., Huai, X., Wu, L., KwameYeboah, F., Wood, J., Zhao, Y., & Dou, X. (2022). The integrated impact of GDP growth, industrialization, energy use, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in developing countries: Evidence from the panel ARDL approach. Science of the Total Environment, 837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155795
Tietenberg, T., & Lewis, L. (2012). Environmental & Natural Resource Economics 9th Edition. Boston: Pearson Education
Uddin, M. M. M. (2021). Revisiting the impacts of economic growth on environmental degradation: new evidence from 115 countries. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 28(1), 153–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-020-00479-9
WRI. (2017). Hutan dan Target Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDG). WRI. https://wri-indonesia.org/id/wawasan/hutan-dan-target-pembangunan-berkelanjutan-sdg
Zafeiriou, E., Kyriakopoulos, G. L., Andrea, V., & Arabatzis, G. (2023). Environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation in Eastern Europe: a panel cointegration analysis. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(9), 9267–9287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02435-y
Zeng, C., Stringer, L. C., & Lv, T. (2021). The spatial spillover effect of fossil fuel energy trade on CO2 emissions. Energy, 223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120038
Zhu, H., Duan, L., Guo, Y., & Yu, K. (2016). The effects of FDI, economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ASEAN-5: Evidence from panel quantile regression. Economic Modelling, 58, 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.05.003
Zmami, M., & Ben-Salha, O. (2020). An empirical analysis of the determinants of CO2 emissions in GCC countries. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 27(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2020.1715508
Zweifel Peter, Praktiknjo Aaron, & Erdmann Georg. (2017). Energy Economics Theory and Applications. http://www.springer.com/series/10099
Zulkarnaen, W., Fitriani, I., & Yuningsih, N. (2020). Pengembangan Supply Chain Management Dalam Pengelolaan Distribusi Logistik Pemilu Yang Lebih Tepat Jenis, Tepat Jumlah Dan Tepat Waktu Berbasis Human Resources Competency Development Di KPU Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 222-243. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss2.pp222-243.
Published
2024-06-25
How to Cite
Gamatara, M., & Kusumawardani, D. (2024). PENGARUH DEFORESTASI TERHADAP EMISI CO2 PADA NEGARA BERIKLIM TROPIS DI BENUA ASIA. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 8(2), 1239-1256. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i2.4129
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