INTERFERENCE VS ENHANCEMENT : WORK-LIFE BALANCE DIMENSIONS ON JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION

Karuna Lau; Maria Merry Marianti

doi:10.31955/mea.v8i1.3651

Karuna Lau Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung
Maria Merry Marianti Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i1.3651

Keywords: work-life balance, interference, WFH

Abstract

The increase in jobs at software development companies has in-creased much faster than the average for other jobs. Intention to change jobs is one of the bad work-related outcomes for software development companies. Work-life balance has been found to reduce the intention in changing jobs. Individuals who have balanced work and life will experience less work overload and depression, and find it easier to carry out work and life roles. This research aims to determine the influence of work-life balance dimensions and job satisfaction on turnover intention. The research method used was descriptive and quantitative involving 61 respondents (saturated sample), and was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with a saturated sample or census. Data processing and analysis techniques use PLS-SEM via SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the research produced several conclusions, namely two dimensions representing work-life balance that have a significant effect, namely personal life interference with work (PLIW) which is detrimental to job satisfaction, and work interference with personal life (WIPL) which has a positive effect on turnover intention. job satisfaction has a significant negative effect on employee turnover intentions. The step that companies need to take is to pay attention to work interference with personal life, especially related to fatigue after working during peak workload periods. Companies can provide facilities in the form of multivitamins to employees and carry out regular weekly sports activities to increase employee stamina.

References

Aboobaker, N., & Edward, M. 2019. Collective Influence of Work–Family Conflict and Work–Family Enrichment on Turnover Intention: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Individual Differences. Global Business Review, 21(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919857015
Alam, A., & Asim, M. 2019. Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i2.14618
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. 2000. Consequences Associated With Work-to-Family Conflict: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278–308. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-899B.5.2.278
Aman-Ullah, A., Ibrahim, H., Aziz, A., & Mehmood, W. 2022. Balancing is a necessity not leisure: a study on work–life balance witnessing healthcare sector of Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2020-0338
Andriani, R., Disman, D., Ahman, E., & Santoso, B. 2023. Empirical Effects of Work Environment, Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement on Turnover Intention in Hospitality Industry. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 9(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.9.1.129
Arambepola, N., & Munasinghe, L. 2021. What makes job satisfaction in the information technology industry? Proceedings - International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering, SCSE 2021, September, 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCSE53661.2021.9568331
Arikunto, S. 2005. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. PT Rineka Cipta.
Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. 2020. Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice, 15th Edition. In British Library (15th ed.). Kogan Page.
Bellmann, L., & Hübler, O. 2020. Working from home, job satisfaction and work–life balance – robust or heterogeneous links? International Journal of Manpower, 42(3), 424–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2019-0458
Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. 2022. Striking a Balance between Work and Play: The Effects of Work–Life Interference and Burnout on Faculty Turnover Intentions and Career Satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020809
Boamah, S. A., & Laschinger, H. 2015. The influence of areas of worklife fit and work-life interference on burnout and turnover intentions among new graduate nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(2), E164–E174. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12318
Bothma, C. F. C., & Roodt, G. 2013. The validation of the turnover intention scale. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v11i1.507
Brough, P., Hassan, Z., & O’Driscoll, M. 2014. Work-Life Enrichment. In Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific (pp. 1–396). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8975-2
Brough, P., Timms, C., O’Driscoll, M. P., Kalliath, T., Siu, O. L., Sit, C., & Lo, D. 2014. Work–life balance: A longitudinal evaluation of a new measure across Australia and New Zealand workers. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(19), 2724–2744. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.899262
Chan, X. W., Kalliath, T., Brough, P., Siu, O. L., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Timms, C. 2016. Work–family enrichment and satisfaction: the mediating role of self-efficacy and work–life balance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(15), 1755–1776. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1075574
Chang, V., Mou, Y., Xu, Q. A., & Xu, Y. 2022. Job satisfaction and turnover decision of employees in the Internet sector in the US. Enterprise Information Systems, 00(00). https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2022.2130013
Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. 2008. Do Peers Make the Place? Conceptual Synthesis and Meta-Analysis of Coworker Effects on Perceptions, Attitudes, OCBs, and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1082–1103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1082
Chiew, G. C., Hwa, M. A. C., & Teh, G. M. 2018. Work Intensification and Turnover Intention in Academia: The Mediating Role of Work-Life Balance. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 8(5), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.2.2018.85.188.196
Clarke, M. C., Koch, L. C., & Hill, E. J. 2004. The work-family interface: Differentiating balance and fit. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X04269610
Dorenkamp, I., & Ruhle, S. 2019. Work–Life Conflict, Professional Commitment, and Job Satisfaction Among Academics. Journal of Higher Education, 90(1), 56–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2018.1484644
Fayyazi, M., & Aslani, F. 2015. The Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention; the Moderating Role of Continuance Commitment. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 51, 33–41. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.51.33
Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. 2009. Beyond Work and Family: A Measure of Work/Nonwork Interference and Enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016737
Fong, K. H., & Snape, E. 2015. Empowering leadership, psychological empowerment and employee outcomes: Testing a multi-level mediating model. British Journal of Management, 26(1), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12048
Fotiadis, A., Abdulrahman, K., & Spyridou, A. 2019. The mediating roles of psychological autonomy, competence and relatedness on work-life balance and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAY), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01267
Frye, N. K., & Breaugh, J. A. 2004. Family-friendly policies, supervisor support, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and satisfaction: A test of a conceptual model. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19(2), 197–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-004-0548-4
George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. 2012. Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior. In Pearson (6th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Ghozali, I. 2021. Partial Least Squares Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program Smart PLS 3.2.9 Untuk Penelitian Empiris (3rd ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. 2003. The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. 2000. A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600305
Gupta, M., & Sukamto, K. E. 2020. Cultural communicative styles: The case of India and Indonesia. International Journal of Society, Culture and Language, 8(2), 105–120.
Haar, J., & Brougham, D. 2020. Work antecedents and consequences of work-life balance: A two sample study within New Zealand. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(4), 784–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1751238
Haar, J. M. 2013. Testing a new measure of work-life balance: a study of parent and non-parent employees from New Zealand. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(17), 3305–3324. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.775175
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Suñe, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. 2014. Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
Haar, J. M., Sune, A., Russo, M., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. 2018. A Cross-National Study on the Antecedents of Work–Life Balance from the Fit and Balance Perspective. Social Indicators Research, 142(1), 261–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1875-6
Hill, E. J., Hawkins, A. J., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. 2001. Finding an extra day a week : The positive influence of perceived job ... Family Relations, 50(1), 49–58.
Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. 2007. Integrating Motivational, Social, and Contextual Work Design Features: A Meta-Analytic Summary and Theoretical Extension of the Work Design Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1332–1356. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. 2021. Work from Home : Measuring Satisfaction between Work–Life Balance and Work Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), 96.
Jaharuddin, N. S., & Zainol, L. N. 2019. The Impact of Work-Life Balance on Job Engagement and Turnover Intention. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v13i1.10912
Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. 2012. When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(5), 1077–1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028610
Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., Podsakoff, N. P., Shaw, J. C., & Rich, B. L. 2010. The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.002
Kaspersky. 2021. Employee wellbeing 2021: Learning from the new reality. Kaspersky Daily. https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/employee-wellbeing-2021/?icid=gl_wellbeing_pro_ona_smm__onl_b2b_press-release_link_smteam______&utm_source=press-release&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=gl_wellbeing_kk0084&utm_content=link&utm_term=gl_press-release_organic_
Kaur, R., & Randhawa, G. 2021. Supportive supervisor to curtail turnover intentions: do employee engagement and work–life balance play any role? Evidence-Based HRM, 9(3), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-12-2019-0118
Kerdpitak, C., & Jermsittiparsert, K. 2020. The effects of workplace stress, work-life balance on turnover intention: An empirical evidence from pharmaceutical industry in Thailand. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(2), 586–594. https://doi.org/10.5530/srp.2020.2.86
Kim, H., & Kao, D. 2014. A meta-analysis of turnover intention predictors among U.S. child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 47(P3), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.09.015
Lee, T. H., Gerhart, B., Weller, I., & Trevor, C. O. 2008. Understanding Voluntary Turnover: Path-Specific Job Satisfaction Effects and the Importance of Unsolicited Job Offers. Academy of Management Journal, 51(4), 651–671. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.33665124
Li, D., Li, X., Wang, L., Wang, G., & Newton, C. 2019. Work–family Conflict Influences the Relationship Between Family Embeddedness and Turnover Intention. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7640
Lu, Y., Hu, X. M., Huang, X. L., Zhuang, X. D., Guo, P., Feng, L. F., Hu, W., Chen, L., Zou, H., & Hao, Y. T. 2017. The relationship between job satisfaction, work stress, work-family conflict, and turnover intention among physicians in Guangdong, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014894
Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. 2021. Towards an understanding of teacher attrition: A meta-analysis of burnout, job satisfaction, and teachers’ intentions to quit. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103425
Marks, S. R., & MacDermid, S. M. 1996. Multiple Roles and the Self: A Theory of Role Balance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 417. https://doi.org/10.2307/353506
Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., & Meglich, P. 2016. Human Resource Management (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.
McCain, A. 2022. 21 IMPORTANT WORK-LIFE BALANCE STATISTICS [2022]. Zippia. https://www.zippia.com/advice/work-life-balance-statistics/
McDonald, P., & Bradley, L. M. 2005. The Case for Work/Life Balance: Closing the Gap Between Policy and Practice: Vol. 20:20 (Issue November). https://books.google.co.id/books/about/The_Case_for_Work_Life_Balance.html?id=rsZDAgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Meyer, J. P., & Tett, R. P. 1993. Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analyses Based on Meta-analytical Findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259–293.
Mihelič, K. K. 2014. Work-family interface, job satisfaction and turnover intention: A CEE transition country perspective. Baltic Journal of Management, 9(4), 446–466. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2013-0141
Mobley, W. H. 1977. Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.2.237
Mobley, W. H., Griffeth, R. W., Hand, H. H., & Meglino, B. M. 1979. Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 493–522. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.493
Oosthuizen, R. M., Coetzee, M., & Munro, Z. 2016. Work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intention amongst information technology employees. Southern African Business Review, 20(1), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6059
Orpina, S., Abdul Jalil, N. I., & T’ng, S. T. 2022. Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Malaysian Private University Academics: Perceived Organisational Support as a Moderator. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 16(1), 26–50. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v16i1.1002
Parmelee, M., & Codd, E. 2022. Women @ Work 2022: A Global Outlook. Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/women-at-work-global-outlook.html
Purwanto, A., Hidayat, D., & Asbari, M. 2021. Work-Family Conflict Disaster: From Organizational Commitment to Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Social and Management Studies (IJOSMAS), 02(01), 86–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v2i1.13
Rahman, S. M. 2020. Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 10(2), 99–XX. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v10i2.470
Rhee, M. K., Park, S. K., & Lee, C. K. 2019. Pathways from workplace flexibility to turnover intention: Role of work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and job satisfaction. International Journal of Social Welfare, 29(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12382
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. 2017. Organizational Behavior (17th ed.). Pearson.
Ronen, S., & Mikulincer, M. 2012. Predicting employees’ satisfaction and burnout from managers’ attachment and caregiving orientations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(6), 828–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2011.595561
Siswanto, Masyhuri, Hidayati, N., Ridwan, M., & Hanif, R. 2022. Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction and Job Stress: Mediation Model From Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.05
Sulu, S., Ceylan, A., & Kaynak, R. 2010. Work Alienation as a Mediator of the Relationship between Organizational Injustice and Organizational Commitment: Implications for Healthcare Professionals. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 27–38.
Taherdoost, H. 2019. What is the best response scale for survey and questionnaire design; Review of different lengths of Rating Scale / Attitude Scale / Likert Scale. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 8(1), 2296–1747. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02557308
Vickovic, S. G., & Morrow, W. J. 2020. Examining the Influence of Work–Family Conflict on Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Among Correctional Officers. Criminal Justice Review, 45(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016819863099
Zhang, J., Wu, Q., Miao, D., Yan, X., & Peng, J. 2014. The Impact of Core Self-evaluations on Job Satisfaction: The Mediator Role of Career Commitment. Social Indicators Research, 116(3), 809–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0328-5
Zulkarnaen, W., & Sofyan, Y. (2018). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Keinginan Berpindah Karyawan PT. Delami Garmen Kota Bandung. Widya Cipta, 2(2), 183–192.